Music Essay - America Needs Rap and Hip Hop -- Expository Exemplificat

America Needs Rap and Hip Hop Since the time it got famous in the late eighties, hip-jump music has been an objective of good dissatisfaction. Numerous pundits have marked the music as a hostile, indecent, misanthrope type of articulation, which adversely impacts its audience members, especially kids. Right off the bat in rap music's' improvement concerned residents and different government authorities held fights against the arrival of certain rap collections. Rap music's rivals requested exacting oversight. In any case, hip-jump was progressively drawing in huge crowds and its supporters were prepared to battle the edits who they accepted were removing their established right of the right to speak freely of discourse, and the opportunity of the urban dark culture to communicate. What pundits of rap music don't fathom is that rap music is a piece of our way of life, which is difficult to disregard. In spite of the fact that it might be untraditional, it is an articulate type of articulation that outlines the con ditions and sentiment of a dynamic African - American youthful culture Hip-jump is continually assaulted in the music world. Numerous music pundits contend that rap is certainly not a substantial type of music. This assault on rap music isn't just confined to pundits, numerous individuals of more established ages have comparable perspectives with respect to this style of music. The individuals who adhere to the customary meaning of music contend that Hip-jump has no tune, and that since there is no singing it isn't correct music. Rap music is likewise condemned for its absence of creativity, since rap craftsmen are continually examining beats from previous melodies. . Because of the contention that hip-jump is certainly not a valid type of music, one would ask: who and what characterizes music? Is there a standard which all contemporary m... ...eve I'm in the ideal spot/indicated her my ticket/at that point she shy of heaved/ On the off chance that white young men doing it , well, it achievement/If I begin doing it, well, it's suspect/ ( for rest of melody see reference section 2) Despite the contention the hip-jump culture experiences, its criticalness can't be neglected. Rap music is a significant social wonder that speaks to a piece of society that, after numerous years, has discovered a voice. It would be a mix-up to think about all hip-bounce as solid in truth it could be viewed as a consistent discourse inside a network. In spite of a portion of the questionable components of hip-bounce, rap music is a basic instrument for the African-American people group's quest for personality. Be a local/get inventive/unique and assigned - A clan called mission( young articulation) 1 The expressive article, Leo Marx. P.88

Why You Should Not Mix Alcohol and Bleach

Why You Should Not Mix Alcohol and Bleach Blending liquor and blanch is never a smart thought, as the mix brings about chloroform, a ground-breaking narcotic that can make you drop. You should consistently be cautious when taking care of these synthetic concoctions. Substance Reaction Customary family unit blanch contains sodium hypochlorite, which responds with ethanol or isopropyl liquor to deliver chloroform (CHCl3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and different mixes, for example, chloroacetone or dichloroacetone. Accidental blending of these synthetics could happen from attempting to tidy up a spill utilizing dye or from combining cleaners. Blanch is profoundly responsive and structures hazardous mixes when blended in with any number of synthetic concoctions, so its best to abstain from joining it with different items. Threats of Chloroform Chloroform is a risky synthetic that aggravates the eyes, respiratory framework, and skin. It can harm the sensory system, eyes, lungs, skin, liver, kidneys, and different organs and may even reason malignant growth. The synthetic is promptly assimilated into the body through the skin and through inward breath and ingestion. In the event that you speculate that you have been presented to chloroform, expel yourself from the tainted zone and look for clinical consideration. Chloroform is an intense sedative that can take you out. It is additionally the reason for unexpected sniffers demise, a lethal heart arrhythmia a few people understanding upon introduction. After some time, chloroform within the sight of oxygen (as in air) normally corrupts to create phosgene, dichloromethane, carbon monoxide, formyl chloride, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Indeed, even once the chloroform has separated, you ought to maintain a strategic distance from these synthetics. Phosgene, for instance, is a famous substance specialist. It was answerable for around 85 percent of the passings from concoction weapons during World War I. Discarding a Bleach and Alcohol Mixture In the event that you coincidentally blend these synthetic compounds and need to discard the waste, dont attempt to kill it. To start with, use alert and don't enter the debased territory on the off chance that you smell chloroform, which has a substantial, sweet-smelling scent. When the smell starts to disperse, weaken the blend with enormous volumes of water and wash it down the channel as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. CH3)2CO and Bleach In spite of the fact that this is a less normal blend, don't blend CH3)2CO and fade, either, as this response likewise creates chloroform: 3NaClO C3H6O â†' CHCl3 2NaOH NaOCOCH3 At last, blending dye in with any synthetic aside from water is an incredibly poorly conceived notion. Dye responds with vinegar, smelling salts, and most family unit cleaners to deliver poisonous exhaust.

Moneyball. Sabermetric-Based Player Evaluation by Beane Term Paper

Moneyball. Sabermetric-Based Player Evaluation by Beane - Term Paper Example A portion of the significant baseball crews on the planet incorporate the Pirates, Red sox, Yankees that play in the Major League Baseball, the American League, or the National class. Subject to the exposure, solid rivalry, and economies of cash engaged with this game, group chiefs embrace different methodologies to dominate most matches. Moneyball by Michael Lewis is a book that tries to reveal data on how baseball crews should direct their organizations so as to stay viable. In any case, a survey article â€Å"Who’s on First?† by Thaler and Sunstein (2003) draws some analysis on the book. This paper will thus look at and assess the audit article â€Å"Who’s on First?† by Thaler and Sunstein (2003). Sabermetric-Based Player Evaluation The sabermetric-based player assessment utilized by Beane was an extraordinary stunner to different officials in baseball. In his assessment, Beane took enthusiasm on how much a player was probably going to add to his group' s odds utilizing logical examination (Thaler and Sunstein, 2003). In doing this, he depended on target proof as opposed to abstract proof utilized by different administrators. With the constraints of human sanity and wasteful work markets, Beane decided to disregard baseball's tried and true way of thinking in assessing the exhibition of players to the astonishment of other baseball officials. To be sure, in a clashing circumstance among Beane and DePodesta's factual techniques for assessment and other assessment procedures by other baseball specialists, measurable strategies demonstrated proficient to traditional insights that were wasteful and frequently deceptive (Thaler and Sunstein, 2003). Subsequently, Beane delivered a stunning presentation regardless of chipping away at lower payrolls contrasted with other baseball crews. Without a doubt, Beane’s group, the Athletics was positioned eleventh in payroll(out of fourteen groups) and fifth in wins in the American League in 1999 however hopped to twelfth in finance and first in quite a while in 2002 to the stun of other baseball officials. Preferably, Beane assessment on players demonstrated that players drafted out of secondary school are significantly less liable to prevail than players drafted out of school. Thus, against the act of different administrators, Beane didn't enlist any ability from secondary school. All things considered, the newcomers that different groups ignored became extraordinary entertainers and different groups wound up getting them from Athletics consequently improving its finance. His capacity to assess and enroll top notch ability without a ton of cash and utilizing measurable techniques to supplant the lost players was likewise an extraordinary stun to different officials. What's more, the way Beane assessed the exhibition of players in the field was additionally charming to different administrators. He noticed that the utilization of mistakes to assess the handling capacit y of a player is so rough (Thaler and Sunstein, 2003). To this, he contends that a player may amass blunders because of karma and along these lines in allocation in assessing his capacity dependent on this. What's more, he takes note of that there may be karma in batting numerous runs subject to playing in great groups or having numerous chances. This was a nullification to the customary convictions received by different officials. Most incredibly, is the way that Beane’s measurable assessment of players prompted his team’s more prominent accomplishment on the American League in spite of the fact that Athletics had a low compensation roll. Accordingly, significant groups in the alliance like Boston Red Sox and Toronto Blue Jays are presently recruiting head supervisors who embrace Bean’s method of assessment (Thaler and Sunstein, 2003). Why Beane is Much More Effective in His Success Beane was considerably more compelling in his prosperity when contrasted with o ther baseball officials. This was dependent upon his measurable assessment of players, negligence of the standard way of thinking in baseball, and

Comparing Organic Farming and Conventional Farming

There are many evidences exist that due to conversion of conventional to organic farming, producers have received better yield, on the contrary, many reviewed findings show that in conversion period, farmers have gained lower yield. Many researchers’ evidences have also revealed that, in the long term, organic farming system may work to enhance agricultural productivity (Hoque, 2012). For instance, in many developing countries, significant amount of yield rises in crops and fruits in terms of organic farming projects. These achievements are varied with soil fertility management procedures such as proper composting, green manure, cover crops, legumes culture, crop rotation, organic fertilizer application and other soil conservation practices (Zundel and Kilcher, 2007). The average yield of organic farming over all crops was 75% of conventional crop yield. The main reason for low yield in organic farming was insufficient availability of nutrient. Input energy consumption in organic farming was 21% lower than conventional farming. Lower energy inputs in organic farming were mainly due to the low use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides (Tuomisto et al., 2012). The individual yield in organic crops are on average 80% of conventional crops and the average yield gap between organic and conventional farming is more than 20% (De Ponti et al., 2012). The yield from organic Chinese kale was approximately 5 times lower than conventional Chinese kale. The higher yield inShow MoreRelatedOrganic Farming Can Not Feed The World Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the Agricultural Revolution, farming has always been organic. As the human population grew, conventional farming, farming with non-organic methods (using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides), became prevalent to satisfy the population’s demand for food. Recently, organic farming has attracted consumers for its health, environmental, and agricultural benefits versus conventional farming, however, there is a debate whether organic farming can produce enough food to satisfy the current populationRead MoreEssay on Organic versus Non-Organic Food and Food Production1032 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered what the difference is between organic and non organic food? Some may say there aren’t any differences in the food itself, but the real difference lies in the means of producing the food. The controversy here is the environmental effects of different farming methods. Some believe that organic farming methods are better than conventional farming methods and some believe the opposite. There are many factors to determine which method is better but we are here to investigateRead MoreSustainability Vs. Conventional Farming1299 Words   |  6 Pagessit e-specific application. (Gold) The sales of organics are at an all time high, but the concern is that consumers do not know the true facts behind organic farming. Oftentimes, organics are said to be sustainable and are better for the public than conventional farming, but that is not true. Organic farming is not sustainable. This is proven by giving the true meaning of sustainability vs. conventional farming, stating the regulations behind organic farming, and use the two to show how all of this affectsRead MoreOrganic Vs. Organic Agriculture1376 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease in popularity for organic products. However, is it possible for this growth in the organic industry to be sustainable and profitable? Some notable studies include, yield, price premium, demand, cost, etc. In this paper, organic to conventional agriculture will be investigated. Given that organic agriculture is still in its infancy, demand for organics will continue to grow despite for lower yield and higher p remium cost. Additionally, since demand for organic agriculture will continue toRead MoreOrganic Food Industry And Marketing Strategies1110 Words   |  5 Pagesfifteen years, organic food industries and companies have grown up tremendously around for its production and marketing strategies. According to the Organic Trade Association’s 2016 Industry Survey, the total organic products sales in 2015 have increased 11% percent from the previous year’s record level hitting a new benchmark of $43.3 billion, and conventional food products accounted for $3.6 billion. The industry saw its largest annual of all the food sold in the U.S in 2015 was organic was Near toRead MoreAgriculture, And The Associated Consumption Of Food1479 Words   |  6 Pagesrunoff and leaching. Furthermore, land use changes are associated with habitat degradation and loss, as well as indirectly contributing to climate change through deforestation (Robinson Harris 2012: 137-140). Therefore, while intensification of farming practices may result in higher present yields, it will also invariably contribute to lower yields in the future, along with a number of other detriments to the environment. This issue is of escalating concern, not only due to the rising global populationRead MoreFood Is Essential For A Person Alive Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesfood and easy access to it has caused humans to become ignorant in how their food is made, grown, and how it gets to their table. Many are also ignorant to the different categories that their food could be classified as. Such categories are organic, non-organic, GMO’s and much more. However, as time moves on, citizens are taking greater interest in growing their education on what they eat. They are learning about how it is grown, prepared, and what types are more beneficial for them and their familiesRead MoreEssay about Organic Foods Annotated Bibliography1863 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Topic: Organic and conventional foods are farmed differently, effect the environment differently, and offer different health and nutrient benefits. Annotated Bibliography Barlow, B., Hemminger, L., and Schlegel, B. (2006). Is Organic Food Worth the Extra Cost? Retrieved from Environmental Health Perspectives website: http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2006/114-2/ss.html In this reference work by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Community Outreach Education ProgramRead MoreA Research Study On Social Research Methods1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe study specifically gathered data from Loyola Marymount University, which is a predominantly middle to elite class college on the West Side of Los Angeles that has easy access to farmers markets and local organic products; this is important to keep in mind since diet and consuming organic food can strongly be based on socioeconomic status. The survey (see Appendix) used mixed methods with an array of open-ended, Likert scale, and multiple-choice questions. It began with basic demographic questionsRead MoreOrganic Foods : Organic Food2992 Words   |  12 PagesOrganic foods are defined as foods that are free of synthetics, such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and are not further processed in industries or by using genetic engineering. However, organic foods do not come at a cheap price. They are listed at higher prices than conventional foods. Despite their high cost, the organic food market has increased by over $25.1 billion in the past decade (MacVean, 2012). The real question then becomes, is organic food worth the extra cost? Some people

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1117 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Multinational Companies A Multinational Company is defined as an enterprise which is operating in several countries but managed from one home country[1]. They have their headquarters in one country but operate on different countries known as host country. Numerous examples of these organizations are Ford, General Motors, Dell, Microsoft, Google, Siemens etc. There are obvious benefits for companies to expand their business to other countries. Few of them are cost advantages such as cheap labor, reduce transport and distribution cost, constant supplies of raw materials, and avoid any trade barriers[2]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure" essay for you Create order Companies which do business overseas face many challenges. Cultural challenge is one among them. As we have seen from experience companies which tend to do more research and spend time and effort to study and understand the cultural differences is more successful than the companies which dont do their homework. Let us take an example where Mr. X wants to expand his Pizza business from United States to India. The cultural difference between India and U.S is a huge obstacle which needs to be studied by Hofstede cultural dimensional model. Cost structures, eating habits, trade barriers are few important variables which needs to be studied before setting up an franchise. One must try to differentiate what are the major differences between U.S and Indian culture? How these differences are going to affect the business? What are the measures need to be taken to avoid these risks? What kind of work ethic do Indian employees follow? Is it different from U.S? In U.S they follow very competitive work ethic which means profitability comes first. Mr. X shouldnt expect the same level of work ethic from Indian employees. He needs to be patient for the business to grow and yield profits. Next he must work on his brand. In U.S branding and creating a image to a company makes many loyal customers which he needs to work on with the new Indian market which will take time and effort and he should choose his advertisement carefully for Indian culture. Also Indians prefer traditional food so Mr. X should work on how he can market his fast food into the market[3]. The CEO, Furniture Works, South London. U.K REPORT ON RECOMMENDATION AND REFLECTIONS FOR FURNITURE WORKS TO EXPAND ITS PRODUCTION ABROAD GLOBALY: This report is for Furniture Works, South London, which is proposed to start Internet Sales. The company plans to establish its production function abroad. Initially it is working and conducting business in UK locally but there are future prospects for global expansion plans. As a Management consultant, my functions involve examining and analyzing alternative organizational and communication system the main idea behind this move is to develop a Virtual ORGANIZATION. With reference to the above all discussion and my evaluation here are my recommendation for effective Global structure for Furniture Works. Licensing- My first recommendation in phase of establishing business across the world for furniture works must get Revocable written formal or implied agreement by an authority or proprietor from the host country according to their Law. Joint Venture- My second recommendation for Furniture Works is to establish a Joint Venture with the local firms in the host country through this Furniture Works can formed to achieve its objectives of a partnership like temporary and permanent arrangement between two or more firms for its business success. Consortia-My Third recommendation for Furniture Works is Consortia its a Japans Term which means Cross ownership Agreement between Firms. For firms such as Furniture Works who want to expand their business internationally, it is inevitable for them to face the cultural challenge. Further I recommend following Business Strategies for Furniture Works: Globalization Strategy- organization like furniture Works should go through the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. Multi domestic Strategy- Another powerful strategy for Multinational Company like Furniture work is multi domestic Strategy. This means production of business within local community. Production, supply, Research and development and marketing are established nationally where business is done. After the business is moulded and developed locally innovation comes into picture which means there is decentralization which being outsourced locally[4]. Global Challenges- till now the Furniture Work is managing its business in U.K. for going to start business and getting expansion as Virtual Organization the Furniture Works should be ready to face Global Challenges like: Complexity and differentiation with different cultures and nations. For making better business environment sometimes big organization have to be ready for integration with local organization at host country. While establishing business links with different countries the Furniture Works should transfer its knowledge to local employees at host country. Finally I am recommending to the Management of Furniture Works how to Coordinate with its new companies worldwide. Global Teams- Furniture Works have to depend on teams working at international boundaries for the improvement of the business. In Multinational organizations such teams at the board level, product-development, and multi-cultural teams from various functions responsible for the global alignment of functional business processes. Headquarters Planning- Being an International Company the Furniture Works Headquarters must be in London, Which is its homeland country. Expanded Coordination Roles- Furniture Works should creating a supportive and enabling environment for the implementation its products selling in all those companies around the world. Bureaucratic Organization- Very large organizations which are well structured and well defined may be termed as bureaucratic organization. The main elements of such as organization is standard use of protocols and procedure to perform a particular task and high degree of control to make sure any particular task is performed to the standards[5]. There are two types of bureaucratic organization which are as follows, Standard bureaucracy : These type of company normally do standard routine work where large technical staffs led by mid level managers led by senior management. Professional bureaucracy: This type of company also does standard work but relies on efficient performance and complex in nature where the company hierarchy has only few mid-level managers. Flat Organization: Flat organization tends to have few level of hierarchy which means chain of control is short. This makes high level of employee involvement in decision making which increases team morale and spirit. This structure can be successful only in small organization. Boundary less Organization: This type of organization is of contemporary approach as they cant be defined or limited to or draws lines or boundary which is why the name boundary less organization came. Flexible and unstructured approach seems to be successful and many companies have started this approach after Jack Welch of GE coined this term.

Health and Social Care Unit 201 - 1403 Words

Unit 201 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. Outcome 1 - Understanding ways communication is important in the work setting. 1) Identify different reasons why people communicate 2) Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work 3) Explain why it is important to observe an individuals reaction when communicating with them Outcome 2 – Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals 1) Find out an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferences 2) Demonstrating communication methods that meet an individuals communication needs, wishes and preferences 3)†¦show more content†¦This may be because there is a problem; they are worried about something or not confident. The way someone sits and the way they use there hands and gestures is also an indicator. Noticing these signs is important so that any issues can be dealt with. Outcome 2 – Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals (1) Find out an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferences Everyone has different ways in which they communicate and have a wide range of communication needs. These factors need to be considered; †¢ Sensory ability – hearing loss and visual impairment †¢ Language – not being able to speak or understand the language you speak †¢ Self-confidence – not being able to talk to people due to maybe being shy, this also may be linked to one of the other factors which gives them low self-confidence †¢ Level of learning disability - dependent on severity understanding and processing information may be difficult for them, may have a short attention span, repeating the information may be needed. Having Autism, patient may have difficulty communicating †¢ Physical ability - patient may have had a stoke and able to form words and speak normally and may have lost the ability to find the correct words or say the word due to facial muscles failing. Having other illnesses such as dementia and parkinsons, having to repeat the informationShow MoreRelatedUnit 201 Diploma Level2 Health and Social Care2580 Words   |  11 PagesUnit 201:- Principles of communication in adult social care settings. Outcome one: - Understand why communication is important in adult social care settings 1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate. Communication is essential in everyday life. The more efficient and effective we communicate the better quality of life we can achieve not only for ourselves but for those around us. We need communication for numerous reasons: - * To build/maintain relationships e.g. familyRead MoreUnit 4222-201 Introduction to Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings14457 Words   |  58 PagesUnit 4222-201 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate People communicate for different reasons, to portray their feelings, emotions, pain, opinions, etc. The communication could be professional (formal), or personal (informal). It is important within a social work environment that information is recorded, as it may be called upon for legal reasons. 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Individuals incorporate personal values n to their lives as a result of observing the behavior and attitudes of parents and teachers and interacting with their cultural, religious, and social environments. Nurses need to know specificallyRead MoreUnit 1 Err 2011683 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Unit 201- Outcome 1 Aspects of Employment - Dismissal, redundancy, retirement and TUPE - Breaches of contract - Health and Safety - Maternity / Paternity leave - Holidays, sickness and compassionate leave - Discrimination and bullying in work place - Removal of barriers for disabled people - Data Protection - Discrimination during recruitment process - Equality within the workplace, for example, working hours, pay, benefits - How you are managed in the work place - Entitlement to career developmentRead MoreUnit 201 Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 4222-245 Understand the context of supporting individuals with learning disabilities (LD 201) OUTCOME 1 Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. 1.1. Identify four legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability DiscriminationRead MoreAging Research Paper703 Words   |  3 Pagesgov/documents/RIDEA%20State%20Plan%20on%20Aging%20October%201%202015%20to%20September%2030%202019.pdf. The Older Americans Act requires states to submit this plan every four years and it provides updates on legislation and activities were done over the past time period to support older adults, as well as give updates on what will be worked on in the future. It is sent to the State of Rhode Island to ensure policies are up-to-date and will provide the best care for this population. This is necessary in orderRead MoreThe Mayor Of Casterbridge Critical Analysis1473 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern lifestyles. The revolution brought more than just industrial changes, it also brought along a new era of cultural differences that would disturb current society. The underlying changes come from the â€Å"social effect of industrialization: the breaking up of the ol d social units and social relationships† (Hartwell 242), these changes occur in Casterbridge between Michael Henchard and Donald Farfrae. Although Henchard and Farfrae are both successful farmers and grain investors, their methods ofRead MoreUnit 201 Err781 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 201 – Understand employment responsibilities and rights in health, social care or children and young people’s settings. Describe the terms and conditions of own contract of employment. Probation period: When I joined Children 4 Most I was told I was on a 6 month probation period, This means that the management are able to terminate my contract if the company is unsatisfied with my working standards. 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Nike And What It Does To Third World Countrys Essay Example For Students

Nike And What It Does To Third World Countrys Essay The Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the CompetitionThe current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper will analyse the sneaker industry, while examining the multitude of viable manufacturing options, and critiquing their current manufacturing structure. Footwear Industry Players, Revenues, Market ShareTo properly review the manufacturing in the footwear industry, it is necessary to first gainan understanding of the dominant leaders in the marketplace. The industry is currentlyexperiencing hyper competition, led by six main firms Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Fila,Converse, and New Balance (see exhibit 1), with nearly $7 billion in revenuesdomestically. Nike is the industry leader, with a 47% market share, followed by Reebok,a distant second at 16%, and Adidas at 6% (see exhibit 2). This category is facingdecreasing demand and the rising popularity of alternative footwear, resulting in morepressure than ever before to achieve high gross margins through effective globalsourcing practices. Manufacturing optionsFootwear companies have two basic options in the manufacturing of their products, theycan both own and operate the factories that produce their products, or subcontract their products out to secondary manufacturers. These facilities can be located either domestically or internationally, and both present a myriad of positives and negatives. Firms that produce domestically benefit from ease of monitoring, skilled workforce, government stability, job creation, and well understood labour rules, while suffering from the relatively high wages required in the U.S. as compared to developing countries. By manufacturing products overseas, in particular in third world economies, tremendous efficiencies are gained in the form of reduced wages, but are countered by the increased difficulty of monitoring the quality of their products and the actual working conditions in the factories. Companies that are vertically integrated, who own and operate the factories where their prod ucts are manufactured, are faced with largecapital expenditure requirements and the management of the factories themselves, resulting in lower profit margins. Strategic OutsourcingIn analysing the sneaker industry, we are faced with the question, What are these firms core competencies? If manufacturing falls under this umbrella, then firms should look to produce internally. However, the core skills that set these companies apart from thecompetition, are their marketing, distribution, and technological expertise. Applying thedominant sneaker companies areas of expertise, lets review the following questions: Is internalization a source of competitive advantage? Is manufacturing a skill our firm does better than anybody else? Will firms be able to leverage their manufacturing expertise in the future? Are we releasing any of the firms proprietary skills/information by outsourcing?With all of the above questions posed to any of the big four sneaker companies, they would respond with a re sounding no. Therefore, in todays global environment, the most strategically viable manufacturing strategy is the outsourcing of their products. The efficiencies that are gained, in the form of shifting of risk, reduced capital requirements, lower wages, and ability to focus on their core competencies, strongly outweigh all other manufacturing options. The Evolution of Manufacturing in Third World CountriesAs the economies of countries around world expand, so does their ability and skill levelin all facets of manufacturing. Beginning in London in the early 1900s, and followed through to the present day, manufacturing in its simplest form consists of light manufacturing, which uses unskilled labour to produce items such as shirts, shorts, and jeans. As the economy develops along with the skill of manufacturing, countries begin moderately technical light manufacturing, which includes footwear, outerwear and, performance sportswear. The next step in this growth involves the production of technical consumer products such as radios, calculators, and wristwatches. With the most developed economies gaining high levels of technical expertise, manufacturing grows to include technical durables, which includes automobiles and computers. This progression represents the advancement of economies throughout the world today, andprovides the reasoning behind sneaker companies manufacturing beginning in the United States and Germany, and passing through Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, to its present day central areas of China, Indonesia, and Vietnam.