Persuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying - 754 Words

Cyberbullying. How often do we hear that word? Pretty often you would think considering how serious of an issue it is now a days. But no. Our society now does not emphasize enough how critical bullying has now become. Throughout the past several years many kids have been bullied. Over 3.2 million students are victims of bullying each year, and it’s sad to say that 1 in 10 students drop out of school because of repeated bullying. Even if the statistics might be low it still doesn’t mean that it is not a serious problem that needs to be addressed in better ways. First off, how critical do we take bullying? According to CDC suicide is the third leading cause to death of youth between the ages of 10-24. The 21st century has come to the point†¦show more content†¦This demonstrates that parents play a big role in this as well, because if their kids feel that they can’t talk to their parents or if they do tell them it won’t end well then they clearly do not have a good relationship. Which then causes kids to commit suicide because they feel that no one loves them and they have no one to talk to so they want it all to just end and that’s the only way they know how. Additionally, there have been a some good outcomes of bullying and people were not only able to overcome it but they learned from the experience and got stronger. Hailey Ellis’ experience is the perfect example of this because she was able to not let the bullying get to her. After sharing her experience she said â€Å"I was cyberbullied got my first two years of college by someone I had never met before. Let me repeat- I did not know this person at all in any way. But that doesn’t prevent cyber bullies from attacking their victims...Behind the screen they don’t care what they say or who it’s about. They feel invincible because no one can immediately stop them. Their victims become somewhat powerless and start to feel hopeless† (Ellis 2). In other words Hailey is talking from previous experience. Luckily with the help of her friends and family she was able to overcome this and not let it get to her and ruin her life. Ultimately, every situation in our lives have only two possible outcomes: to end in a good way or a badShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Real Issue Bullying is no longer the big guy making a third grader give him his lunch money. In order to fully comprehend the word cyberbullying, one must understand that the definition goes into more depth than saying, kids are being mean to one another behind a phone/computer screen. With how rapidly our world is evolving, cyberbullying will not simply go away. Since being bullied online follows victims home, they have nowhere to feel safe anymore, and that can lead to obtaining mental,Read MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying719 Words   |  3 PagesTeens who are bullied often experience negative physical and mental health issues, which I faced in elementary school up until my first year of high school. As a six-year-old, I never imagined I would be a victim of bullying. I confronted tough obstacles, but for the most part, I was able to subdue these trials, and now I have grown to be the strong-willed individual I am today. It emerged in an after school program where I was ridiculed because of the clothes I wore or how my mom decided to styleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1453 Words   |  6 PagesTake a Stand Against Cyber-bullying Imagine someone you love and care about is being bullied and no one took a stand in defending or uplifting them. This horrific form of bullying takes place all around the nation through the use of cellphones, computers, and social media, that generates fear and doubt among individuals that do not have the confidence to speak up for themselves. School officials should take a stand for kids who are victims of cyber-bullying and for those who are too frightened toRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1524 Words   |  7 PagesMany children in school bully others for various reasons. Bullying is when you are intimidated or victimized repeatedly over time with negative actions from a more powerful peer. It can lead victims to go through serious problems in early childhood and adulthood. In many cases, aggressors do not receive the punishment I believe they should. I believe if they passed stricter bullying laws, it will reduce bullying in many places. According to the National Center for Education Statistics in 2015, atRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying925 Words   |  4 Pagescrime is evolving. Children went from bullying other kids at the playground to cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is the sending and taunting of other via the Internet. More advanced levels of cyber crime continue to rise. Cyber bullying is considered to be one of the worst types of bullying. According to Ann Frisà ©n, Professor of Psychology at the University of Gothenburg, victims of cyber bullying do not receive a break (Cyber bullying). With standard bullying, the victim got a break from the tormentRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying747 Words   |  3 Pagesthat students should not be limited to what they have to say online because it does not affect most students and teachers, it’s not very disruptive, and free speech is a sacred right. Though bullying is a big problem in the world today, it does not affect most students or teachers. The percentage of bullying amongst students isn’t very high. Girls are more likely to be bullied. 25% of girls reported being a victim of cyberbullying and 17% of boys reported being cyberbullied (Document A). Though cyberbullyingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1236 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is no longer the big guy making a third grader give him his lunch money. In order to fully comprehend the word cyberbullying, one must understand that the definition goes into more depth than saying, kids are being mean to one another behind a phone/computer screen. With how quickly our world is evolving, cyberbullying will not just go away. Since being bullied online follows a victim home, they have nowhere to feel safe anymore, and that can lead to obtaining mental, behavioral, andRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1255 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying among teens has been going on for years. It has gotten worse with the new technology of today. Bullying has not stopped, but the medium has changed over the years. From face to face interactions and spreading rumors in class, to now post on Facebook, tweets, text messages, and emails. Kids can now be bullied twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, by people in school or people around the world. In a recent study done by Sam Laird, he states that, â€Å"42% of teens reports being bulliedRead MoreEssay on should students be allowed to use cell phones in school1043 Words   |  5 PagesVernon School Room 218 Persuasive Essay / Cellular Telephone Cell Phones: Many American youth now have cell phones that they carry with them everywhere .Should cell phones be allowed at school ?Many teachers and students claim that phones are distracting while many parents and students insist that phones are necessary. Write a persuasive essay explaining your position on the issue. Although not everybody would agree,Read MorePersuasive Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesEvan Bennett November 4, 2010 Persuasive Essay Gay discrimination is a major problem that affects individuals all across the country. The Defense of Marriage Act needs to be repealed. First, the Defense against Marriage Act will be explained and then why it needs to be repealed, then the effects the law has on society. The federal government needs to give same sex couples the same health benefits that heterosexual couples receive. Currently, the government offers employees benefits such as health

Edsa Revolution - 1603 Words

INTRODUCTION: The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution made a very significant mark in the Philippine history. It was a four-day series of a peaceful rally against the Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. This rally brought down Marcos from Malacanang and was then by replaced by Corazon Aquino. The revolution lasted for four days, from February 22 to 25, 1986. The peaceful revolt was named after Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA), the place where many Filipinos gathered to have their peaceful protest. EDSA Revolution was also known as the â€Å"Yellow Revolution†, after Aquino’s campaign. One of the main cause why Filipinos protested against Marcos was due to the assassination of Ninoy Aquino and the corruption of the funds that should be for the†¦show more content†¦The heavily-anticipated elections were marred by vote-buying, oppression, and fraudulent results; with Commission on Elections (COMELEC) results were in favor of Marcos while the National Movement for Free Elections (N AMFREL) results were in favor of Aquino. In protest, thirty computer operators walk out of the COMELEC tabulation center during the tabulation two days after the election. One of the most brutal incidents that happened in connection with the snap elections was the killing of lawyer Evelio Javier, opposition ex-governor of Antique, on 11 February 1986. Javier was chased and shot to death in broad daylight at the provincial capitol. The assassination was considered as one of the tipping points that led to the revolution. At his funeral mass, the official statement of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines was read, condemning the elections. On February 22, 1986, the EDSA Revolution started and according to an online article entitled â€Å"The EDSA Revolt†, at 3 PM of 22 February 1986, Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile gathered around 400 men at Camp Aguinaldo, after having received reports on impending mass arrests of opposition leaders and Reform the Armed Forces Movement officers. They were joined by then Armed Forces vice Chief of StaffShow MoreRelatedThe Edsa Revolution And The Revolution3523 Words   |  15 PagesThe 1986 EDSA Revolution in the Philippines proved to be one of the most significant events in the country s history due to the nonviolent revolution that led the corrupted dictator, President Ferdinand Marcos to be exiled in Hawaii, eventually restoring the nation s democracy. Twenty-eight years ago in the month of February, there were hundreds of thousands of Filipinos who let their voices be heard and started a revolution to overthrow President Ferdinand Marcos from office. The events leadingRe ad MoreThe Edsa People Power Revolution Essay2143 Words   |  9 PagesThe 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution was a successful social movement in the Philippines that overthrew the regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos who had oppressively been in power for 20 years. Towards the end of his last term, President Marcos declared Martial Law in late 1972 because there were groups of students and militants who had been protesting against the President, and he wanted to simply put an end to it. Marcos believed that â€Å"according to the mythic history that had been crafted aboutRead MoreThe Role of Media in Edsa Revolution1481 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Martial Law was proclaimed on September 21, 1972, all the papers including the so- called â€Å"oligarchic press† and broadcast stations were closed. EDSA people power revolt came and with it a new found hopes for Asia’s bastion of democracy. The Philippine Revolution of 1986, from February 22- 25, has been acclaimed as a first televised revolution in the history. The first free local election in post- Marcos era was held in 1987.Radio and television, particularly, led in the selection coverage becauseRead MoreCorazon Aquino s Presidential Election1411 Words   |  6 Pagesended Marcos’ campaign with the EDSA People Power Revolution. Marcos’ original plan was to gain the public’s trust by winning a snap-election. His plan backfired and only further influenced the public’s decision to vote for Aquino and end Marcos’ tyrannical reign. The public’s exact opinions towards the candidates is unknown; however, it seems just to give the presidential mandate to the candidate who did not participate in the fraud. The EDSA People Power Revolution is also evidence of the public’sRead MoreGangsters Life Style in the Movie: Goodfellas Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesis right: that’s how the Declaration of Independence in America was created; that’s how the 13th Amendment was created; that’s how we got to the Moon; that’s how the British and American and Soviet forces won World War II; that’s how the EDSA People Power Revolution sparked; that’s how many of our literature and poems and music were created; and that’s why Jesus Christ died on the cross. I am always for freedom, and that’s the truth. But I want the real kind of freedom, and not the facsimile peopleRead MoreThe Philippine Administrative System1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthey were just on same boat and they should be treated fairly. Unity of the people led the independence of the nation. Unity of elite and masses resulted to the Philippine independence in 1896 as well as freedom from authoritarian rule in 1986 EDSA revolution. The abovementioned national identity can be attributed to the unity of the elites and the masses since they only have one goal and that is freedom. According to Fartz Fanon (1961), national consciousness should embrace the innermost hopes ofRead MoreGoodbye, Superboy: a Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic1718 Words   |  7 Pagesforgotten hero. There was so much hype in the first halcyon years after the overthrow of the tyrant Ferdinand E. Marcos, and too many silly celebrations, with excessive hoopla, of each succeeding anniversary of the EDSA people power revolution (and then an EDSA II, and, sanamagan, even an EDSA III so-called) that the man whose heroism and sacrifice inspired not merely the first people power barricades, but a national upsurge I prefer to call The Spirit of 1986 has been forgotten. These days, in factRead MoreThe History of the Philippines5278 Words   |  22 PagesVillalobos (1500-1544) named the archipeligo in honor of Prince Philip of Asturias in 1544. When did Dr. Jose Rizal die? | December 30, 1896. He was executed in Bagumbayan, now known as Rizal Park, by the Spaniards for his alleged part in the Philippine Revolution of 1896. When was Manuel L. Quezon inaugurated? | November 15, 1935. He was the first President of the Commonwealth. When did Corregidor fall into the hands of the Japanese? | May 6, 1942. The fall of Corregidor ended organized resistance againstRead MoreDevolution of Local Government in the Philippines5838 Words   |  24 PagesMaura Law of 1893 sought reforms in the local government system by granting greater local autonomy to towns and provinces in Luzon and Visayas and by allowing local citizens to select some of their officials.†[17] But because of the Philippine Revolution which shortly followed in 1898, these reforms did not make much impact at all. According to Tapales, the Spanish period had impacts, however, on the development of local governments in the Philippines. â€Å"First, indigenous activities wereRead MoreCivil Disobedience Extended Definition1405 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruction, was in fact an appropriate gesture of the people during the People Power Revolution because the people demonstrated democratic action when they felt that they were being oppressed. Outline: I. Overview of Civil Disobedience A. Brief History 1. Origins of the word B. Definition of Terms 1. Dictionary 2. Thesaurus 3. Application in everyday events II. The People Power Revolution A. Short summary of main events B. Relation to Civil Disobedience

Internet Usage Essay Example For Students

Internet Usage Essay Are Mainstream Scientific Researchers Using the Internet to its full Multimedia Potential?As a research presentation medium, the Internet has been designed to offer vastly more to publishers than easy text access. Its astoundingly simple to incorporate photographs, diagrams, illustrations, sounds, animations, movies and all kinds of non-text content into a website using todays user-friendly web development software. This subject, Networks and Multimedia in Science and Technology, has been designed to open its students eyes to the exciting multimedia possibilities available that can communicate research findings more accessibly, effectively and concisely than plain text. A look through some of the research presented by many of these students, found linked to the NAMIST CONFERENCE PAGE, makes it clear that well-designed web sites can make even the most potentially boring topics (statistics? butterflies?) attractive and interesting through the use of intuitive structures and appropriate multimedia. However, a browse through the web site of Australias principal government-funded Scientific organisation, the CSIRO AUSTRALIA page, reveals myriads of research papers published almost exclusively in text-only format. The http://www.nobel.se/announcement-98/physics98.html official 1998 Nobel Prize award announcement for the field of Physics includes some diagrams, but nothing one would not find in a 1970s textbook. Many of the links from american science organisation www.Sigmaxi.orgs science resource page, http://www.sigmaxi.org/scienceresources/scienceresources.htm, have a small amount of graphical content, but only one site I found, http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/ a site dedicated to volcano research made consistent use of movie files, sounds and animation, and this site was filed under fun for kids on sigmaxis resource list. I believe there are many reasons for the scientific communitys apparent dislike for multimedia. Not a small factor could be the possible perception that research that is presented in a flashy, colourful way is lacking in substance, that researchers who spend large amounts of time on presentation are compromising the research itself. The traditional presentation of research has been through publication in scientific journals, not renowned for their attention to visual appeal, and the use of extensive visual or multimedia assistance to focus the readers attention could be viewed as condescending. Furthermore, making use of the available technology, whilst relatively easy using todays advanced, user-friendly development software, is nonetheless far more time-consuming than the use of simple text. In the context of a scientific report, visual cues are far more labour intensive to include than equivalenttextual explanations in most cases. Furthermore many researchers are unfamiliarwith the techniques required to produce them, and more willing to attemptwritten explanations than commission graphic artworks. Many of the technologically maxed-out sites connected to the NaMiST Conference page distract the audience from the information they intend to provide. This is reflected by one groups client requesting a very simple, uncluttered and movement-free page. High-tech pages also take longer to download, and often require plug-ins that may themselves take a lot of time to download. And how often have you waited for a large file to download only to find it has been somehow corrupted and is useless? Perhaps in many fields of scientific research, such material is simply inappropriate. Explaining quantum physics research on any level but the most basic would be extremely difficult to do using graphics and sound. Computers and Internet

The Dramatic Imagination by Robert Edmond Jones Essay Example For Students

The Dramatic Imagination by Robert Edmond Jones Essay Robert Jones explains that the human mind creates drama from the unconscious mind. What he has mentioned in this chapter is that there is a whole other world in our minds that creates dreams and thoughts that we as humans beings want to show through theatre. Which I feel is very accurate. Plays are not only made to tell a story, but to connect to every human being’s mind, whether it’s an audience member or even the actor. We all want to create a similar â€Å"image† that Jones mentions and that image need to transfer from the playwright to the director to the designers and to the actors and finally to the audience. We will write a custom essay on The Dramatic Imagination by Robert Edmond Jones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main focus of a play is to decipher a similar image that is created from one mind and is re-created in another’s mind. Art in the Theatre In this chapter Jones is trying to define what real art in the theatre is. Now, here I agree with some of his ideas but at the same time I don’t agree with some of the things he says. For example he mentions that he as an audience member wants to see an â€Å"eyeful† in a set, or that he doesn’t want to see clever contraption where a piece of a set or prop transforms from one thing to another and is the same piece of set but with a new purpose. Now that’s his opinion and every artist has their idea what art is. It’s like Graffiti, some people think it’s just scribble and vandalism but others think it’s artistic. But, I feel a designer who can create a set that has many purposes and can convince the audience that one piece of scenery was actually many different things is very artistic and extremely creative. Jones also mentions that having almost no set is not very entertaining to see. I will agree it may be boring to look at but then I can truly focus on the actors and how they use their skill to create the environment for us. Like for example I saw a production of Our Town where the only piece of set was a ladder and a few chairs and the actors pantomime every prop, and yes I will admit it shouldve had a set but the point the director was trying to make there was that simple things can go a long way. The Theatre Then and Now So in this chapter Jones is explaining the history of theatre. At the end he says â€Å"All past theater had a dream, an excitement, a high, a rare mood, a conception of greatness. We should try to bring back the excitement in theatre† I agree that the past theatre had more excitement. But that was the past. We need to create our own excitement in theater. We can use the past to guide us but the reason why the past was so great because it create its uniqueness at its time. Now we should create our own uniqueness. To a Young Stage Designer Jones mentions the many things that a set designer must consider and what qualifications he/she must have when designing a set. Most of this I agree with. He says that a designer must have different techniques, and I feel that is true that a designer need to know almost every trick in the trade to be really successful in this business. He also mentions that a designer must practically immersed themselves into their set and almost be a part of the time era it is in. Which is really vital because if the designer can’t truly imagine he is in the setting of the play how is the audience going to imagine that they are in the time era of the play? Jones contradicts himself a lot in this chapter. .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .postImageUrl , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:hover , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:visited , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:active { border:0!important; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:active , .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0 .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1660b85bd4042c4a7d7f4ad4a7f6c4e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Choose two scenes from the play EssayIn the Chapter The Art of Theatre he said he wants to see a lot of things in the set but in this chapter he says that don’t use a lot of techniques use it when necessary and sometimes simple sets is good. I agree what he says in this chapter. I think that if you use too many techniques in a design then it will be a complete mess and it will be too complicated. I feel like a designer should use a technique only when it is necessary. Some Thoughts on Stage Costumes So honestly, when reading this chapter I had no idea what Jones was talking about. I only picked up on a few key points. Like that the costume should be suited to the character and the occasion. Which I agree but I feel that sometimes the costume can relate to the theme of a play or help the audience realize something about the character. Like for example if the character wears purple and gold the audience triggers an idea that the character is royal or high in the upper class. Jones goes into detail about how costumes should trigger memories or the human senses because then it helps the audience truly understand the character even more. Light and Shadow in the Theatre Jones mentions many things in which I agree upon. For example he mentions that light has more than one use then to light the stage so the audience can see the actors. We use light as an art form. Light is vital to a play just how light is vital for an art piece. In basic art I learned that a good art piece combines light and shadow and whether if there is more than the other can set the atmosphere of the piece. Like how if there is more light then the mood is happy and bright And if there is more darks then the mood is gloomy. It also interesting in a piece where there is a various combination of both. Jones also mentions that the location and timing of when the light goes on to when it changes or goes off is also key to a good lighting design. The lights can help the audience understand thing about a play that the actors cannot portray. Like for example if a character were to kill another character, instead of using fake blood to portray that one character is dead, you can use red lights to symbolize death. I like the idea of lights working with the story and probably adding more to the theme of the story.

Astrology essays

Astrology essays According to Encarta Encyclopedia, astrology is the study of how events on earth correspond to the positions and movements of astronomical bodies, particularly the sun, moon, planets, and stars. (Astrology, 2) The practice of astrology has been around for a very long time. It seems to have developed independently from many different areas of the world (Encarta). One of the earliest detected forms of astrology is that of the Chaldeans, who lived in Babylonia in 3000 BC. Then there were the Chinese, the Indians and even the Mayans of Central America. It is believed that these people observed that certain astronomical bodies, the sun in particular, affected the seasons and the growth of the crops. By 500 BC, astrology had been detected in Greece, where philosophers such as Plato and Pythagoras incorporated it into their philosophical studies. During the Middle Ages, astrology was widely practiced in Europe (Encarta). Many believed that astrology was a science, that is, until some discoveries in astronomy disproved some theories of astrology. Since then, most scientists have disregarded astrology as a science. (Astrology, 2) Astrologers study astrology, and it is their belief that the position of certain astronomical bodies at the time of birth and the afterward movement reflects their destiny and character. They create charts called horoscopes. According to Encarta Encyclopedia, a horoscope is the illustration of the position of the sun, moon, and planets from a given latitude and longitude on earth at a given moment, usually that of birth. The horoscope is represented by a circle, which is called the ecliptic, which is the plane on which the earth orbits around the sun. The ecliptic has twelve different sections, which are familiarly known as the signs of the zodiac. The sections are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. The ho...

Convicted Criminals and Recorded DNA essays

Convicted Criminals and Recorded DNA essays Once convicted criminals have their DNA fingerprints in CrimTrac's database, police are able to identify them faster as suspects, if they re-offend, which saves investigation time. When confronted with DNA evidence, guilty suspects may be more likely to confess and plead guilty, also saving police time and reducing court costs. The DNA database gives Australian police a tool to increase the closure rate of not only serious offences but also high volume crimes such as burglaries. As many crimes are solved more rapidly, the police will be free to investigate other crimes that are outstanding. As more crimes are investigated and solved, Australia will become a safer place to live. This is a major argument for all people convicted of a crime to have their DNA fingerprints stored on the DNA database. However, despite the present success of DNA databases such as CrimTrac, concerns are raised about the ethics presently involved, and also, the future repercussions of such a database being in existence. One present concern is that with so many samples being collated, there is a remote chance that two DNA fingerprints would look the same but not be from the same person (besides the case of identical twins). If a convicted criminal has their DNA on file and is later found to be a similar match to DNA found at another crime scene, it would be very difficult for the person to argue that he or she had nothing to do with the crime, not to mention impossible for an identical twin to argue on DNA evidence alone. It can also be argued that convicted criminals may be implicated in any other crime simply based on where they happened to leave a DNA trail. Concerns are raised that convicted criminals will be treated as second-class citizens. Despite people regarding DNA as being very strong, in criminal trials, forensic experts talk only about the probability that DNA came from a defendant, and not 'yes' or 'no' to the question of it matching DNA at the...

Non-financial audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Non-financial audit - Essay Example Additionally, an assessment of that particular business system is also provided during the auditing process. In this regard, generally accepted standards should be adhered by such systems that are governed by specific bodies, which are responsible for the regulation of businesses in their sector. However, the technique of random sampling is used during the auditing process. Therefore, it is not assured by the auditors that their results are perfect and free from errors regarding those specific financial statements. One of the primary objectives of an auditor is to assure external users and third parties that the company’s financial conditions are fairly present in such statements. In this regard, quality control certifications are also provided and issued by various auditors, such as, ISO 9000, etc. As we have tried to understand the definition and purpose of performing the auditing process, it is important to know that Audit has been divided into two different sectors, as per their objectives, processes, and results. These areas are Financial Audits and Non-Financial Audits. The financial audit is an important type of audit. Financial statements are determined through the designing of financial audits that assure the fairness of these statements as per the International Financial Reporting Standards, also known as IFRS. GAAP, that is, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are also considered by the auditors and accountants during the process and evaluation of financial statements through the financial audit process. In the United States, all publicly registered companies require the financial audits on semi-annual or annual basis. In addition, private companies, public entities, registered charities, and governmental bodies may get the financial audits for proving the fairness of their operations and results. Typically, financial audits are requested by the

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of Essay

Design Specification for the Structural Health Monitoring System of London Water Supply System - Essay Example The wireless sensor networks are responsible for collecting application data like hydraulic pressure transients, leak detection and monitoring of water quality parameters and levels in combined sewer outflows (CSO). Water supply and sewer networks are detected for leaks, water quality and contamination resulting from sewer overflows. 2. Introduction Most water distribution systems face the challenge of significant water loss through leakage that is translated to economic loss. Reduction in leakage through well strategized actions in water network management translates into economic benefits. Leakage of fresh water can cause severe damage while that of waste water lead to contamination of soil and environment. The clean up process may be very expensive. Catastrophic failures result to environment degradation, loss of human life and production of large masses of demolished waste. Building codes and design methods are used to produce structures safe for public utility. At times, structu res are exposed to harsh conditions through loads and the surrounding not planned for during the design process. These harsh conditions normally produce long-term structural deterioration. Structures, therefore, need continuous assessment through various techniques. The common techniques used are; Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). ... This technique is used to monitor fresh water mains and sewerage pipes. In the technique, the following are observed: a. Failure mechanisms b. Parameters to be measured c. Range, accuracy, resolution and sampling regime for preferred parameters and processes. 3. Case study- London Water Supply System The largest water project responsible for supply of water in London is the Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM). Five different treatment works supply drinking water to more than six million clients. Gravitational force forces the water to eleven pumping stations installed with shafts. The pumping stations are located at southern, central and north-western areas of the metropolis. Delivery is done directly to water supply zones or to service reservoirs. Objectives of water project were determined by many factors. The factors are; Satisfaction of average and peak demands for water in London to cushion leakage through control action plan effects Maintainan quality and acceptable service to client s in regard to pressure Control hazards related to water supply operations to the environment and social life. Maintain and improve water supply infrastructure in London Control cost at short and long term levels in relation to manpower and energy spent in pumping (Bensted, 1994 p.1-4). 4. Failure Mechanisms Damage refers to changes that occur to material or geometric properties of a structure and completely affects its performance. All engineering material used in construction of any system posses inherent initial flaws. Flaws generated from the environment and operational loading develop continuously and lead to component level failure. System level failure results with time due to continuous loading. The duration and time scales

BP Stakeholder and Reputation Management Research Paper

BP Stakeholder and Reputation Management - Research Paper Example Stakeholder management helps a business to achieve the desired goals more efficiently by maintaining the investors’ satisfaction levels. It also enables the organizations to retain the existing investors and recruit new ones in an ethical and responsible manner. Stakeholder management forms an important part of business through which an organization can develop its goodwill. Every sound organization needs to satisfy the stakeholders in order to sustain in the business (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). Reputation management involves activities that a business must perform in an attempt to create or upkeep goodwill in the eyes of the public (Argenti and Druckenmiller, 2004). It involves identification of the individuals’ expectations from a business and taking necessary steps to ensure that the general consensus is in parity with the organizational goals. This term was originally used to denote public relations that are necessary for a company in order to sustain in the market. The disaster turned out to be an issue of search result over the web, following the advancement made in social media, computing, and internet. There are various ethical forms of reputation management such as responding to the customer complaints, restraining sites from displaying incorrect information and utilization of the online feedback to influence the process of product development (Argenti and Druckenmiller, 2004). BP is a multinational oil and gas company that is headquartered in London. It is the fifth largest company in terms of revenue and ranks sixth in terms of production. BP operates in nearly 80 countries.  Therefore, considering the recommendations mentioned, BP can derive greater benefits as well as regain the lost status in the oil and gas industry. Implementation of the suggestions provided can considerably help other oil and gas companies, such as PBGC, to rebuild lost integrity and reputation.

Lalbagh Fort Tourism

Lalbagh Fort Tourism Lalbagh Fort No trip to Dhaka city is fulfilled without a trip to the Lalbagh Fort or also known as the fort of Auranagabad which was built in 1678 AD by Prince Mohammad Azam who was the Viceroy back then. The fort represents the dream of the Mughal Prince which stayed unfinished. So the whole fort has a sense of history and mystery entwined in the very bricks of the foundation. The Lalbagh fort falls under the Dhaka Division/subdivison and Lalbagh thana. What to see there: The fort is structured in three levels with towers donning the south gate. The fort is filled with hidden passages and a massive mosque. It also has a fortified perimeter with a number of magnificent monuments. Among the notable monuments in the fort are the tomb of Pari Bibi and the audience room and bathing room of Nawab Shaista khan which is now being used as a museam. When can you visit the fort: Close Days: Sunday and all other listed government holidays. Visiting Hours: Monday from 1.30pm-5pm; Tuesday-Saturday, 9am-5pm during October-March; 10am-6pm during April-September; During Friday the place remain closed from 12.30pm-2.00pm due to prayer. Entry Fee: tk.10/ Bangladeshi Entrants and tk.50/ Foreign Entrants. Tel: 9673018 Video link of things you can see there: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXkMZuKoS0s How to go there: Any rickshaw puller in Dhaka city will take you to the destination if you mention you want to go to Lalbagh fort or bus can be taken from local bus stands that will drop you off in either Shahbagh or Nilkhet and from there a rickshaw have to be taken to go to Lalbagh fort (30-40 taka fare from there by rickshaw) Google map link: https://maps.google.com/maps?t=mll=37.0625,-95.677068z=4output=classicdg=opt Tips: It is better to go there early in the morning as the light provides better viewing and a more pleasant experience due to bad lighting later in the day. Where to stay: Any of the following hotels should provide safe and tranquil environment with efficient service to match the needs of any tourists. They also provide car/taxi service and can guide the tourists to their destination. They also have an outstanding culinary service that should aim to please the stomach of any avid foodie. HOTEL PACIFIC 120/B, MOTIJHEEL COMMERCIAL AREA DHAKA 1000, BANGLADESH Telehone : 9587671 to 9587680 (10 lines) Fax : 9565162 Email : [emailprotected] website : www.hotelpacificdhaka.net WASHINGTON HOTEL 56 Gulshan Avenue, Road# 132 Gulshan -1, Dhaka -1212, Bangladesh Tel: 00 88 02 8851 467 72, 8850 091 94 Fax: 00 88 02 9894 915 Email: [emailprotected], [emailprotected] Web site: www.washingtonbd.com PAN PACIFIC SONARGAON 107 , Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue Dhaka, Bangladesh Tel: +880 2 811 1005 Fax: +880 2 811 3324 Web: http://www.panpacific.com/Dhaka/Overview.html RADISSON WATER GARDEN HOTEL DHAKA Airport Road, Dhaka Cantonment , Dhaka 1206 , Bangladesh Reservations: (800) 333-3333 (800) 616-1283 Telephone: 880 2 875 4555 Fax: 880 2 875 4504 / 875 4554 Email: [emailprotected] , [emailprotected] Web: http://www.radisson.com/dhakabn Lake Shore Hotel And Apartments Road No. 41, House No. 46 Gulshan-2, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh Telephone No. : +880-2-8861787-92, +88-02-8859991, +88-02-8861783-86, +88-02-8852939 Fax No. : +880-2- 8860534, +88-02-8860519 Email Address: [emailprotected] Web Address: www.lakeshorehotel.com.bd Curzon Hall: Situated in Dhaka city of Dhaka Division/subdivision the hall is part of the school of science of Dhaka University. The hall has been named after Lord Curzon who was the Viceroy of India. The hall was built in 1904. After Bengal was partitioned and Dhaka became the new capital of East Bengal and Assam it was used as the premise of Dhaka college but later after the establishment of University of Dhaka it became part of the Universitie’s science division. The place has significant historic value due to being the point of origin where the students of Dhaka University in 1948 first uttered their refusal to accept Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s declaration that Urdu alone would be the state language in the whole of Pakistan and sparked the Language Movement. What to see here: Curzon hall is one of the most intricately designed architecture structure of Dhaka combining a blend of European and Mughal style portraying a then popular design in the North which consisted of horse-shoe and cusped arches. This style also favored the Mughal’s as they were fond of arches and domes. The building is said to mimic that of the well known Diwan-i-khas in the palace fortress of Fatehpur Sikri, Emperor Akbar’s capital during 1570-1585. Built with red bricks, ornate brackets deep eaves and a domed terrace pavillion this place is a sight to behold and to seep in an aura of legend now only found in history books. How to go there: A rickshaw or cng can be taken from any of the hotels in Dhaka city by asking to go to Dhaka university campus, Curzon hall. Or a local bus can be taken which will drop you at shahbagh/nilkhet from where Curzon hall is a 25-30 taka rickshaw ride away. Google Map Link: https://maps.google.com/maps?t=mll=37.0625,-95.677068z=4output=classicdg=opt Tips: Since it’s the department of science its usually really crowded during 10 A.M. – 2 P.M. so if you want to avoid students rushing to and fro to classes going there is earlier or later in the day is advisable. Where to stay: Refer to Lalbagh section. Dhaka National Museum Location of the spot: Dhaka Division, Dhaka Metropolitan City. Brief/why should someone go there: The Museum established in 1913 is a four storied building with forty galleries under its 4 departments of natural history, History and Classical Art, Ethnography and decorative art and Contemporary art and World civilization. The museum has a vast and elaborate collection of old coins, books on art, ivory and silver filigree works, images made with metal, many textiles including the famed Muslin fabric and Nakshi Kantha, arms and ammunitions from the Mughal time, series of painting and sculptures dating back to the Buddhist and Muslim period, handicrafts and models of the village and city life and most importantly- priceless articles of the liberation war of Bangladesh which signifies the backbone of the history of Bangladesh can be found there. How to go get back/ mode of transportation: Bus can be taken from any of the Local bus stop directly to this spot in Shahbagh. The fare will be around 15-30 taka depending upon from where in Dhaka you are travelling from. CNG can also be easily taken and the fare should be 150-200 taka. Rickshaws can also be taken to Shahbagh and the average fare should be 50-70 taka. If you are travelling from Gulshan/banana area then CNG is advisable as rickshaws do not directly go there. Contact info: Phone : 88-02-8619396-9, 8619400 Fax : 88-02-8615585 E-mail: [emailprotected] [emailprotected] WEB: http://bangladeshmuseum.gov.bd Things to do: Taking Photographs is not allowed but you can take pictures from outside of the Museum. Going through 4 levels of the museum and all the artifacts of history it stores is quite a feat and should be more than enough to keep you busy for half a day. Where to stay: Refer to Lalbagh fort. Google Map: https://maps.google.com/maps?t=mll=37.0625,-95.677068z=4output=classicdg=opt. Video links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwAf4pph7DQ ATM Information: Dutch Bangla ATM booths can be found in Birdem, PG hospital or TSC all of which is 5 minutes distance from the Museum. Brac bank ATM can be found in Aziz Super market just opposite the Museum. Standard chartard ATM booths can be found Hotel Sheraton which is 15 minutes distance from the Museum. HSBC ATM booths can be found in Hotel Sonargaon. TIPS: The Museum is very extensive and it takes a lot of time to explore it completely so it’s advisable to go there after a good meal as food is not allowed inside the museum.

Be Smart, Don’t start. Essay -- Smoking Tobacco Health Cigarettes Essa

Be Smart, Don’t start. We can vividly recall the endless television commercials from reporters and speeches we received from teachers that informed us of the side affects of smoking. As young boys, neither one of us quite understood what was so bad about smoking. We just knew it was frowned upon, and it was strictly discouraged by our parents. Recently our foundations were shaken when we read an article by Peter Brimelow that presented smoking as beneficial and a preventative tool against certain diseases and cancers. Was our education about smoking just a myth programmed into our heads? According to Brimelow it was. Brimelow provides clear and evident research and statistics supporting the fact that smoking is healthy. Thank you for Smoking In the article â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦?† by Brimelow, the major claim is that smoking, in some ways, may be good for one and one’s health. Brimelow reports that people who smoke have half the risk of getting Parkinson’s disease compared to that of non-smokers. People who smoke have been found to have a 50% less chance of getting Alzheimer’s disease. Smokers have a 50% lower rate of prostate cancer than that of non-smokers and a fifty percent chance of developing colon and ulcerative cancer. It is clear that smoking can considerably reduce the chance of contracting some of the most deadly diseases in the United States today (Brimelow 142). Brimelow doesn’t stop with just presenting statistics. He points out that smoking is an individual’s freedom as an American. Every American is defensive toward their rights and freedoms provided by the Constitution, so the issue stirs an up an emotional and value orientated interest. Whether people view smoking as good or bad,... ...ential evidence and data to keep people smoking and to inform people of the benefits of smoking. Readers are also reminded of their individual rights, which is never a bad thing. However, the information presented is somewhat lopsided. The reader is not informed of the terrible negatives caused by smoking. We feel that smoking is a person’s right. However when we endure the effects of second hand smoke, our rights are also violated. Let it be known, that smoking really is bad for one, and the effect can be fatal to the smokers and the people in the environment surrounding them. Be smart. Don’t start. Works Cited Brimelow, Peter, â€Å"Thank You for Smoking...?† The Genre of Argument Ed. Irene L. Clark Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 1998. 141-143 â€Å"Health Tobacco Report.† Carter. 22 Mar. 1998. 7 Oct. 2003 http://www.napanet.net/~joshc/smoking/effects.htm.

Ethical Compensation

Employees expect companies to stick to certain standards that represent fairness (Compensation Dilemmas: An Exercise In Ethical Decision-Making 1995). Early efforts of economic views have studied compensation systems over the years. The all-encompassing view at the time was that the best possible compensation systems met the fair days wage for a fair days work criteria. The key for managers and others who design pay systems Is to ensure that pay accurately reflected the economic value added to the firm by a worker.This is where fairness is expressed only in economic terms. Since that time management scholars have developed a much richer understanding of what fairness means to employees and how views of fairness affect their attitudes and behaviors. Compensation systems also play Important social and representational roles in organizations and through these roles pay systems affect a variety of Important outcomes such as the nature of employee commitment and performance and work relat ionships.Given the essential role that compensation systems play in employment relationships, it is also very likely hat they play an important role in shaping whether people feel they are treated with respect, trust, and dignity and whether they believe the values and customs of the organization are worthy of their fullest commitment and highest efforts (Bloom, M. 2004). Could executive compensation be redefined by performance management? â€Å"When no performance measures are defined and documented for company executives, this places no accountability on the CEO to produce measurable results.On the other hand, if performance measures are defined, documented and accountability is laced on the CEO and is tied to compensation this could prove to be beneficial for all involved. While employees are paid based on established Job classification systems, Coo's however arbitrarily negotiate salaries where there Is no cap, but benefactor. The company is injured by way of a harmful image in the eyes of the industry. The consumers of the company's products or services are also hurt. The company may also experience retention problems and stockholders may suffer from financial loss.Also employees are left to deal with disappointment, bitterness and owe morale (Carter, C. 2009). Americans are fuming right now. Pummel by the bind of a painful recession and furious over oversized executive compensation packages at the very Wall Street firms widely blamed for the economic chaos, they gradually distrust key establishments and individual leaders. Americans are angered at the financial services region. They believe that these institutions have rigged the game so that top level executives are rewarded substantially even when they fail. Americans want action to restore fairness to the system and get pay back in line.The variety of experts and activists of political leaders and ordinary citizens, there is a belief that executive incentives have exaggerated short-term performance, supported unnecessary risk-taking, and failed to discipline poor performance. Many believe that incentive plans have tempted some Coos to put personal financial interests in front of good stewardship that provides the long-term interests of their organizations (Ethics Resource Center, 2010). In recent years it has become common for corporate board of directors to recruit a star chief executive officer with an executive severance cage.The severance agreement becomes part of a contractual commitment that is often unrelated to the circumstances of the executive's eventual firing. To complicate matters, severance is often structured as deferred compensation for an executive's earlier successes, before things would eventually fall apart. When a CEO is discredited they always argue that they were not overpaid at termination because the rise in share price they achieved for stockholders during their tenure with the company. Companies should not make severance commitments when hiring execut ives.This will come back to haunt them. This style could make it difficult for firms trying to hire top talent. A CEO with ethics would be embarrassed when receiving an abundant severance after their decisions caused severe anguish to the employees and shareholders (Kipling, K. 2008). Addressing specific errors in compensation plans is critical and identifying the best metrics for measuring performance is part of the answer. Maybe creating an ethical organization is a critical first step that sets the stage for effective compensation plans.Ethical performance should be one of the metrics for determining compel;sensation. Many of the problems credited to failed compensation plans are really about ethical slip ups. I'm not saying that executives intentionally engage in bad conduct. But it can mean that a lack of continuous focus on ethics can induce bad behavior. This behavior can turn into rationalizing decisions without truly centering on the allegations for the long-term well-being of the customers, its employees, shareholders and the company as a whole (Ethics Resource Center, 2010).Executive compensation is not illegal. However the actions of some Coo's and executives can be ethically questionable. From the viewpoint of economic effectiveness, restructuring or even downsizing may be required in order to arrive at specific business goals. Although, making the decision to eliminate Jobs while the CEO is overly compensated for providing inadequate performance is not only feeble make a incredible impact by educating board of directors on accountability in executive packages, compensation and incorporating strategic performance management initiativ

buy custom Fetal Development, Sickness Disorders essay

buy custom Fetal Development, Sickness Disorders essay Fetal Development Fetal development is the progressive development that occurs between the fertilization of an egg to the birth of a baby sometimes illustrated in general periods of trimester. The first trimester is the initial 12 weeks; second trimester weeks begin from week 13 through week 27; and third trimester begins from week 28 to week 40. The first trimester is an important time of development when all the organ systems of the body are shaping and becoming functional. Cells in the embryo travel to major developmental positions, forming the human being as it takes on a human appearance. On the contrary, the second and third trimesters are phases of growth and enhancement of the organ system. First Trimester During the first trimester, during the 1st to the 12th week, nearly all the embryos physiological systems and body parts start to form. During the 1st day, fertilization takes places, as all human chromosomes are present; distinctive human life commences. From the 1st to the 5th day, the embryo starts an implantation in the uterus; it is about 0.6 centimeter long. By this time, three cell layers have formed: the ectoderm (outer layer), from which sense organs, nervous system, and the skin will grow; the mesoderm (middle layer), from which the excretory, circulatory, and muscular systems will form; and the endoderm (inner layer), from which the lungs, glandular systems and digestive system will develop. During the 22nd day, the heart starts to beat with the childs blood type different from the mothers. In the 3rd week, the childs nervous system and backbone spinal column form. During this period, the embryos intestines, kidneys and liver, start to take shape. By the close of the 4th w eek, the child is ten thousand times bigger than the fertilized egg. During the 5th week, hands, legs, and eyes start to develop. In the 6th week, brain waves are evident; lips and mouth are observable; fingernails start to form. During the 7th week, toes, eyelids and nose take their shape. The baby begins to swim and kick. Within the 8th week,every organ is positioned, bones start to substitute cartilage, and fingerprints start to form. In addition, during the 2nd month the umbilical cord build ups and attaches the embryo to the placenta. By the 8th week the baby can start to hear. This all takes place within the first 2 months of pregnancy, which is referred to as embryonic stage. Throughout the 9th and the 10th week, teeth start to form and the fingernails grow. The baby can turn his head, hiccup and frown. During the 10th and 11th week, the baby can inhale amniotic fluid and urinate. In the 11th week, all organ systems are operational. The embryo has a digestive and a central nervous system along with a skeletal structure. The final week of first trimester, 12th week; the fetus has all parts required to experience pain, counting thalamus, nerves and spinal cord. Vocal cords are whole and the fetus can suck its thumb (Scott Fong, 2009, p. 425). The Second Trimester During the 15th week, the baby has an adult's taste buds. During the 4th month, the first month of the second trimester, the utmost amount of fetal growth occurs. Bone marrow starts to form and the heart pumps 25 quarts of blood daily. By the end of the 4th month, the baby grows by 8 to10 inches long and weighs equal to half a pound, the lower body is progressively more larger and the head is now 1/3 the length of the body. The fetus can move, this movement is referred to as quickening, and is sensed by the mother. In the 17th week,the fetus may experiene dream (REM) sleep. During the 20th week, the fetus identifies its' mothers voice. In the 5th month which is the central point of the pregnancy, the fetus weighs about 1 pound and is almost 12 inches long. It sleeps and wakes and has a preferred body position. Within the 5th and the 6th month,the fetus tries to breath by inhaling amniotic fluid into its growing lungs. The fetus will take hold at the umbilical cord when it senses it. The fetus is now twelve inches long or more, and weighs up to one and a half pounds. During the 6th month, the fetus grows to about 2 inches long and adds another pound. The fetus is currently twelve inches long or more, and weighs equal to one and a half pounds. By this period, the fetuss eyes are shaped and sensitive to light. Moreover, the fetus can hear uterine sounds. The skin is wrinkled and covered with fine hair. By the end of this trimester, modification of body features have transpired, movement is stronger, and additional growth has been attained (Scott and Fong, 2009, p. 425). The Third Trimester During the period of the third trimester, the baby poses itself more or less for birth. As a fat layer is laid beneath the skin, the fetus retains a baby like form. During the 7th to the 9th month,the baby uses four of the five senses, namely, sight, touch, taste and sound. Antibodies are developed and the baby's heart starts to pump 300 gallons of blood daily. By the end of the 8 month, the fetus weighs approximately 5 pounds and 4 ounces and is about 20 inches long. During the 8th and the 9th month, skin redness decreases and wrinkles start to vanish as the fetus starts to gain about 11/2 pound a week. The nails reach the end of the fingers and toes and the fetus movements become limited because of its firm fit in the uterus. As birth becomes forthcoming, in the 38th to 40th week, the head is 60 per cent of its complete size, the fine body hair has vanished, and the skin becomes smoother and is now enclosed with a waxy protective substance called the vernix caseosa. During this last trimester, the fetus attains a weight and size that prepare it to live separately from the mother. Roughly 1 week before the birth the fetus discontinues growing, and the most common fetal position now is head down into the pelvic cavity. The baby is prepared for delivery and birth (Scott and Fong, 2009, p. 425). Morning Sickness Morning sickness, also referred to as nausea gravidarum, pregnancy sickness or nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a pregnancy symptom that affects approximately 50 and 80 percent of the pregnant women. It occurs mainly in the first trimester, when the fetus is most vulnerable to toxins, micro-organisms and parasites. Nausea and vomiting can be one of the foremost signs of pregnancy and generally starts around the 6th week of pregnancy and ends around the 12th week of pregnancy. It occurs at any time of the day but worsens in the morning since there is no food in the stomach. Morning Sickness as a Defense Mechanism Morning sickness is believed to be a trait that decreases ingestion of noxious agents, for instance toxins and pathogens, and thus protects the developing embryo and the expectant mother. Such noxious agents are inclined to be hazardous or indicators of hazardous substances within the food. Nausea occurs when a pregnant woman reacts to the smell or taste of secondary compounds that may as a result cause the evasion of avoidance or regurgitation of microbial and toxin-laden contaminated foods. Fetal harm during the first trimester of pregnancy could have marked consequence, such as causing damage to minute number of cells during the fetus early development. This may result to considerable damage to organs or tissues that build up from those cells, causing miscarriages or birrth defects. Heightened nausea in reaction to secondary chemicals in food may protect developing embryo and fetus from such harm. This hypothesis is supported by the timing of symptoms during pregnancy and decreased risks of miscarriage among women experiencing morning sickness. This hypothesis speculates that morning sickness acts as a defense mechanism by helping pregnant women to avoid consumption of certain substances including coffee, tobacco, and alcohol that could be detrimental to the developing fetus. Moreover, during this period, pregnant women have a high dislike of fish, poultry, and eggs, as well as fatty and fried foods. They also tend to prefer bland foods and dislike spicy and pungent foods, which have a high quantity of toxic compounds. In light of this, scientists have found that animal products could be risky to an expectant mother and the embryo, possibly because these products have pesticides, parasites, and other disease-causing organisms. The dislike during pregnancy for animal-originated food is believed to have protected pregnant women and their unborn babies for hundreds of generations. Hence, the pregnant mother has hormonally triggered mechanisms that influence her food choices with the intention of protecting the young fetus from toxins, and these mechanisms are active during the time the fetus is most at risk. These feeding and sickness mechanisms are stopped throughout the second and third trimester when the nutritional requirements of the fetus become bigger and the mother requires nutrients to maintain them both. Morning sickness is also attributed to the increase of progesterone and estrogen which irritate the stomach lining. Hence, morning sickness has permitted more fetuses to crossover healthily until delivery and birth. Congenital Disorders A congenital disorder is a birth defect and disease that begins at conception or in the early phase of pregnancy. Congenital disorders differ widely in symptoms and abnormalities. The global incidence of congenital disorders is estimated have contributed to a high rate infant deaths in U.S. and around the globe. Congenital disorders account to a large percentage of the health problems observed in infants and children (Ebnezar Johari, 2010, p. 487). Discussion Congenital disorders may possibly be caused by genetic or environmental factors. Majority of the causes are unknown or may be caused by the multifaceted interaction between genetic, non-genetic and environmental factors, identified as multifactorial. Other congenital defects may be caused by recognized environmental exposures for instance, intake of drugs, viruses, environmental pollution, maternal addiction with tobacco, alcohol or smoking, x-ray exposure during pregnancy, anomalous intrauterine environment , and maternal diseases for example diabetes. Moreover, some congenital disorders are inherited through the genes in the ovum or sperm. The disorder may be connected to chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders or polygenic inheritance. Gestational and acquired congenital disorders of the newborn are present at birth and are caused by prenatal and perinatal harm as a result of birth trauma, maternal infection, maternal disorders or disease, substance use, or abnormalities related to pregnancy. Roughly 2 percent of all newborns born have a major malfunction. These disorders affect the skeletal, central nervous, cardiovascular, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems. Defects such as cleft lip, cleft palate and severe neural tube defects are apparent at birth, but others may be realized only after a full physical examination. Congenital disorders, which report for more than 20 percent of infant deaths, are preventable in many occurrences. Some disorders, for example, hemophilia, Down syndrome and Tay-Sachs disease have a recognized genetic basis and can be prevented by prenatal diagnosis and/or genetic screening. Prevention of congenital disorders must be attained by particular attention to environmental factors rather than by endeavoring to improve heredity. Buy custom Fetal Development, Sickness & Disorders essay

Printable Hundred Chart and Blank Hundred Chart

Printable Hundred Chart and Blank Hundred Chart The hundred chart is a valuable learning resource to help young children with counting to 100, counting by 2s, 5s, 10s, multiplication, and seeing counting patterns. You can play counting games with students based on the hundred  chart worksheets, which the student either fills in on their own, or you can print out a hundred chart that is prefilled with all the numbers. Regular use of the hundred chart from kindergarten to the 3rd grade supports many counting concepts. Help With Seeing Patterns Use a prefilled hundred chart or ask your students to fill their own. As a student fills in the chart, the child will begin to see patterns emerge. You can ask the question, Circle in red the numbers on the chart that end in 2. Or, similarly, put a blue box around all numbers ending in 5.  Ask what they notice and why they think it is happening. Repeat the process with numbers ending in 0. Talk about the patterns they notice. You can help students practice their multiplication tables in the chart by counting by 3s, 4s, or whichever multiplier and coloring in those numbers. Counting Games To save on paper,  you can provide students with a laminated copy of a  hundred chart  for quicker access. There are many games that can be played on a hundred chart that help children learn about counting to 100, placement, and  order of number. Simple word problems you can try include addition functions, such as, What number is 10 more than 15? Or, you can practice subtraction, like, What number is  3 less than 10. Skip counting games can be a fun way to teach a fundamental concept using a marker or coins to cover all the 5s or 0s. Have children name the numbers underneath without peeking. Similar to a game like Candy Land, you can have two children play together on one chart with a small marker for each player and a dice. Have each student start at the first square and move in numerical order through the chart and have a race to the end square. If you want to practice addition, start from the first square. If you want to practice subtraction, start from the last square and work backward. Make Math a Puzzle You can teach place value by cutting up the columns (lengthwise) into strips. You can have the students work together to reorder the strips into a complete hundred chart. Alternatively, you can cut up the hundred chart into big chunks, like a puzzle. Ask the student to piece it back together. Make Math a Mystery You can play a game called Too Big, Too Small, with a large group of children and a hundred chart. You can base it on the entire hundred chart. You can preselect a number (mark it somewhere, then conceal it). Tell the group that you have a number one through 100 and they must guess it. Each person gets a turn to guess. They can each say one number. The only clue you will give is, too big, if the number exceeds the preselected number, or too small, if  the number is less than the preselected number. Have the children mark off on their hundred chart the numbers that are canceled out by your clues of too big, and too small.

Functionalism vs. Dualism and the Identity Theory Essay

Functionalism vs. Dualism and the Identity Theory - Essay Example A functionalist theory also might characterize as pain that tends to be caused by bodily injury, to let us believe that there is something is wrong with our body and because of this we tend to have to anxiety, and, in the absence of any stronger, conflicting desires, to cause crying or moaning. According to this theory, all and only creatures with internal states that meet these conditions, or play these roles, are capable of being in pain. With this in mind there are three senses of functionalism: (a) decompositional functionalim, (b) computation-representation functionalism, and (c) metaphysical functionalism. Decompositional functionalim is a study that relies on a system of decomposition into its components; the whole system is then explained in terms of these functional parts. Computation-representation functionalism relies heavily on the 'computer-as-mind' analogy. Metaphysical functionalism "is a theory of mind that hypothesizes that mental states simply are functional states. The metaphysical functionalist claims that mental states are the types of mental state they are because of the causal relations between inputs, outputs and other mental (i.e. functional) states of the system" (http://artsci.wustl.edu/philos/MindDict/F.html). In general, the three senses of functionalism make the accusation that the physical realization of a given function is not, in some sense, its essence. Metaphysical functionalism identifies causal structures with mental states which are realizable by "a vast variety of physical systems" (Block 1980, p. 173). Metaphysical functionalism often identifies mental states with Turing machine "table states" (Block 1980, p. 172). Like metaphysical functionalism, computation-representation functionalism holds the information in the brain. Lastly, decompositional functionalism is, superficially at least, more interested in the function of a system than the physical makeup of the system. However, decompositional functionalism is very seldo m used. While it is true that in decompositional functionalism the function of the system being explored is often abstracted from its physical realization, it is also being continuously re-examined in order to better understand and characterize its function. As a theory of mind, functionalism is quite appealing. It is based in mathematical proof and provides a means of constructing analogies to guide our understanding of the mind. Computation-representation functionalism is a clear example of such a 'rigorous' analogy. In fact, because both digital computers and people are presumably Turing machine describable, the computer/brain analogy can be supported by direct reference to computational theory. This is how Turing machine equivalence has played such a central role in supporting functionalist intuitions (Fodor 1981). Dualism is "the view that reality consists of two disparate parts. In philosophy of mind, the belief that the mental and physical are deeply different in kind: thus the mental is at least not identical with the physical" (http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/philos/MindDict/dualism.html.) Identity Theory, unlike dualism and functionalism explains the interaction between the mind and body as the physical processes in the

Limited Collection Brand in Marks & Spencer Essay

Limited Collection Brand in Marks & Spencer - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Marks and Spencer Group (M&S) is a retailer of clothing, foods and Homeware. It operates through owned stores and franchise stores. The company has two reportable geographic segments: UK and international. M&S operates through a chain of 622 stores across UK and 278 international outlets throughout 34 countries worldwide The company's operations can be categorized under two divisions: food and general merchandise including clothing and home ware. The food division focuses on fresh, natural, healthy food; special celebration products; authentic ready meals and exceptional everyday food such as Oakham' chicken and Aberdeen Angus steaks. It chain of 205 franchised Simply Food' stores operates in railway stations, Heathrow Airport and motor service areas. These stores offers its customers an opportunity to shops between visits to the company's main stores. The clothing division product portfolio includes women's wear, men's wear, lingerie children's wear and footwear. Hong Kong, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Turkey offices provides the raw materials to the division. This division offers some prominent brands which includes: Autograph, Limited Collection, Cellozione, Blue Harbour, Girls Boutique, Per Una and Ceriso. The home division product and services caters homeware and home accessories; kitchen and tableware; lighting; and furniture products. The division also offers catalogue and online services.

Macro9C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro9C - Essay Example Further, economists use different level for recognizing money (like M0, M1 etc.). And economists define a money multiplier to see the ratio of money supply and the actual monetary base in the economy. Now, the recent financial crisis has affected some parts of the definition of money especially as a store of value. The financial upturn has shown that most assets and asset classes previously believed to be the â€Å"safe† stores of value for money are in fact all driven by risk and can at some point in time not be â€Å"so safe†. For example, houses are one the largest stores of value but the global deterioration of property prices has made this option less valuable. Similarly, government bonds which were considered as the safest bets for store of value were actually no longer safe either as we see the example of Greece and their impending default of payment and/or restructuring of debt in Greece. Bank deposits were badly hit as storage of value with the bank-runs seen i n Northern Rock, UK and several other banks in the US. Currencies by nature of being subject to market demand and supply appreciate and depreciate with time and cannot be considered as safe stores of value either as was seen in the example of Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. Secondly, the money multiplier, m, as explained by economists is supposed to be 1/R where R is the reserve requirement for banks. As seen during the financial crisis, this equation was not valid at all. Figure 1 below shows the variation of money multiplier from 1984 to present. We see that as soon as the financial crisis hit, even though there was little or no change in the reserve requirements, the money multiplier saw a huge drop to end up at less than 1.This means that while the government was creating supply of money, banks were reluctant to lend. Figure 1. M1 Money multiplier in the US – 1984 to March 2011 Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Given the turnout of events as happened dur ing the financial crisis, there seems to be no readily identifiable group of assets that economists would consider as money. To be accepted as money by all, none of the assets satisfy all the criteria – bill of exchange, bonds, equities, deposits. Gold, silver and precious metal come close but as these are rare, and cannot really meet the demand for money, they cannot really be considered as money. Question 2 The structure of Federal reserve system is shown below in figure 1. Figure 1. Structure of Federal reserve system The components of the federal reserve system and their functions are described below: 1. Board of governors: they are appointed by the US president and confirmed by the US senate. The primary responsibility of the Board members is the formulation of monetary policy. The Board sets reserve requirements and shares the responsibility with the Reserve Banks for discount rate policy. 2. Federal Reserve banks: The 12 Federal Reserve banks operate under supervision of the board of governors. Each bank has 9 directors who appoint the bank presidents who form part of the Federal Open Market Comittee. The main role of the reserve banks is to influence the flow of money and credit in the economy. The Federal Reserve Banks hold, in their vaults, collateral for government agencies to secure public funds that are on deposit with private depository institutions. The Federal Rese

Marketing Considerations and Plans Essay Example for Free

Marketing Considerations and Plans Essay McDonald is one of the most internationally recognizable companies within the hospitality industry. Although I have not worked with McDonald ever, I am quite familiar with it as one of closest friends has been working with the marketing team of this restaurant chain for last four years. He keeps telling me about his company, how it runs its business so that it can maintain its top position within the fast food sector world wide. Apart from listening to my friend about his company, I also do research on McDonald by reading stories relating to McDonald published in various magazines, newspapers and on various websites as I am a fond of McDonald food staffs and love this fast food restaurant chain. McDonald Corporation listed in New York stock exchange has emerged as one of the world’s largest chain of fast food restaurants. It is most popular for its hamburger. Its customer base is so huge that worldwide it sells its products to around 47 million people on daily basis. The menu of McDonalds includes various sorts of burgers like hamburgers, cheese burgers etc. , products made of chicken, different sorts of breakfast items, French fries, various kinds of shakes, desserts and soft drinks. Mcdonald’s, however, quite often gets criticized over the healthiness of its products. These products are considered to be one of the important factors which are taking active part in increasing obesity in the western countries. The company, however, has made some effective measures in response to the rising obesity trend in the western countries and the criticism over the healthiness of its signature products. It has made some modifications to its menu by introducing several healthy food items like different types of salads, wraps and fruits. In spite of getting criticized over the healthiness of its products and having increasing competition within the industry, McDonald has been able to maintain its strong position within the industry it operates in. Its popularity has not decreased. Thus it would be quite interesting to look at the sources of its competitive advantage which have helped it to win the competition. In order to examine the sources of competitive advantage of McDonald, the strengths of the company will be analyzed in detail as strength of any company can be defined as a distinctive competence of the firm that gives it a competitive advantage in the market place. A firm can gain its strength from its financial resources, the image of its brand, leadership quality within the market and buyer-supplier relationships. (Competitive advantage, 2010; Ghosh, et al. n. d) In case of McDonald’s, its biggest strength is its brand image. Since McDonald’s is one of the most known chains of fast food in the world, its brand recognition seems to be its biggest strength. Its marketing campaign always focuses on brand recognition through continuous promotion of the brand name. Through its extensive marketing campaign world wide the company has been able to create an image in the people’s minds and introduce them to the fast food culture. Its customer base ranges from kinds to old generation. It has nearly 30,000 branches in as many as 120 nations across the world. However, 80 percent of its revenues are generated from the market of eight countries including US, UK, Japan, Australia, Canada, France, Brazil and Germany. The company has been able to expand its stores on the basis of three core strengths- cleanliness, delivery speed and customer care. McDonald has created a corporate symbol and through its highly successful marketing campaigns all round the world it has been able to develop a brand image and establish its logo in the minds of the people across the world. People are attracted to this logo and brand image and this attraction brings them to the stores. Although a number of competitors have emerged in the fast food industry, its rigorous marketing campaigns which are based on the company’s internal resources, external conditions and its relations with its shareholders have been able to strongly maintain its brand value in the market. (Ghosh, et al. n. d; Vijayarani, n. d. ) The brand name will not work in longer run unless brand value is mixed up with high quality product value. In order to obtain and maintain a strong position in the market, every company needs to use an appropriate marketing mix and product occupies one of the most significant positions within the marketing mix. Product value has been one of the greatest strengths of McDonald’s. When a customer enters into a McDonald’s store he/she know what to expect. The company places huge importance on its human resource and takes appropriate steps to satisfy it customers as well as its employees. As far as the product related issue is concerned, the company is also found to be quite innovative in introducing new products according to changing trends and tastes of the people. Not only that, it also offers different menu to the people living in different countries according to their tastes and the country’s culture. Fro example, in India it offers a menu which is completely different from its international offerings. In the stores situated in India, it has eliminated ham, mutton and beef burgers from the menu. India is found to be the only country where McDonald offers vegetarian menu. Which is more interesting is sauces, cheese etc, are also completely vegetarian in India. In India according to changing taste and preference of the customers, it has introduced Chicken Maharaja Mac. Thus the biggest strength of McDonald lies in the fact that it brings an internationally reputed brand with high class food quality and brilliant customer specific product features. This strength provides the company with huge competitive advantage. Vijayarani, n. d. ; Ghosh, et al. n. d) Till now only the sources of competitive advantages of McDonald have been discussed. But in order to survive amidst strong competition a company has to possess sustainable competitive advantages. Hence, it is now the time to look into sustainable competitive advantages of McDonald’s. For a company, its sustainable competitive advantage can be defined as the advantage which seems to be difficult or unfeasible for other co mpanies to own or infiltrate. The brand value, cost structure, vibrant customer care or its patent can be considered as sustainable competitive advantages for a company. An advantage should be considered as sustainable advantage only if the advantage has a distinct character or it is proprietary in nature. The sources of sustainable competitive advantages for McDonald’s can be as follows: ( Reidenbach and Goeke, 2006; Vijayarani, n. d) In order to build sustainable competitive advantage there should be a good integration and coordination between the company’s managerial and organizational process. If such integration takes place then there would be created the essential value as everyone will be chasing a common goal. In order to develop sustainable competitive advantage an organization is required to learn and introduce changes according to the need of the time and it should always be flexible towards changes that takes place in the external environment of the company, such as changes in customer’s taste and preferences, changes in government or legal restrictions, and development in the areas of technology. For McDonald’s, one of the principal reason behind surviving within current market competition is that the company is placing its focus on sustainable competitive advantages by making efforts to integrate organizational behavior with managerial expertise. McDonald’s, however, did not recognize the need of building sustainable competitive advantage previously. Earlier McDonald’s used to ignore this advantage as it was more interested in expanding its outlets across the globe than focusing on its core advantages. As a result of it, the company did not experience any massive change in its revenues with opening up of new outlets. In fact, it suffered huge loss unless it recognized the importance of building sustainable competitive advantage. The company was right in detecting the need of the hour and bringing about changes in its management process in order to possess completive edge over its competitors. ( Lamb et al. 2008; Levy and Weitz, 2001) A company can obtain an excellent position in the market through its financial, structural, and technological assets. All these assets significantly help in building sustainable competitive advantage for an organization. McDonald’s has been able to obtain a strong position in the market by its abundant financial resources along with plentiful structural and technological assets. Since 2003, the company has started to concentrate on identifying and implementing these assets in right direction that would bring improvement to the company. Thus these assets build one of the greatest advantages for the company. (Lamb et al. 2008; Levy and Weitz, 2001) Apart from all these, the vision and mission with which the company started its journey can be considered as one of the biggest competitive advantage fro McDonald’s. McDonald’s ability to sustain its dream over the years has provided it with a huge competitive advantage over its competitors. When a brand revolves around its vision in order to sustain and work in lieu with it, this results in developing significant sustainable competitive advantage for the brand. The McDonald’s started its business in order to help those people who did not have much time to cook or were too busy to go to an appropriate restaurant. The vision of McDonald’s was to offer quick service, and high quality food staffs at cheap rate. Over the years the company has been able to sustain this vision. Lamb et al. 2008; Levy and Weitz, 2001) Thus to sum it up it can be said that McDonald’s has been able to implement its best value based strategy by utilizing all its advantages which are unique to it and can not be copied by any of its competitors and thus it has build its competitive advantages which the company has been able to sustain over the years.

Euthanasia †Not Only at Patients Request :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia – Not Only at Patient's Request      Ã‚   No indeed, euthanasia and assisted suicide would not only be at a patient's request. This false presumption has been disproven time and again by the practical working-out of euthanasia and assisted suicide in locales where it has been legalized. And yes, there are complications, which are not given great media exposure, but which appear in journals devoted to this debate. It is the intention of this essay to correct these false notions - with copious professional documentation.    As one of their major goals, euthanasia proponents seek to have euthanasia and assisted suicide considered "medical treatment." If one accepts the notion that euthanasia or assisted suicide is a good medical treatment, then it would not only be inappropriate, but discriminatory, to deny this good treatment to a person solely because that person is too young or mentally incapacitated to request it.    The way that the judicial process works in the United States is this: A surrogate's decision is often treated, for legal purposes, as if the patient had made it. That means that, if euthanasia is legal, a court challenge could result in a finding that a surrogate could make a request for death on behalf of a child or an adult who doesn't have decision-making capacity. Legally, this is the way the courts would handle it.    In the Netherlands, a 1990 government-sponsored survey found that .8% of all deaths in the Netherlands were euthanasia deaths that occurred without a request from the patient.(Medical) And in a 1995 study, Dutch doctors reported ending the lives of 948 patients without their request.(Hendin)    Suppose, however, that surrogates were not permitted to choose death for another and that doctors did not end patients' lives without their request. The fact still remains that subtle, even unintended, pressure would still be unavoidable. Such was the case with an elderly woman who died under Oregon's assisted suicide law: Kate Cheney, 85, reportedly had been suffering from early dementia. After she was diagnosed with cancer, her own physician declined to provide a lethal prescription for her. Counseling was sought to determine if she was capable of making health care decisions. A psychiatrist found that Mrs. Cheney was not eligible for assisted suicide since she was not explicitly pushing for it, her daughter seemed to be coaching her to do so, and she couldn't remember important names and details of even a recent hospital stay.

Short Notes

â€Å"Two gentlemen of Verona† & â€Å"An Irish Rose† are the two heart touching stories written by A. J. Cronin. In an Irish Rose, the 14 year old Rose plays the central character of the story. She sacrifices her life to look after her baby brother who lost his mother when he was just one month old. In the â€Å"Two gentlemen of Verona † we find the touching story of Jacopo & Nicola ,two brothers aged 12 & 13 who do odd jobs and live a hard life themselves to sustain and treat their elder sister Lucia who is suffering from tuberculosis of spine.Both stories of A J Cronin are heart touching. In an analysis of the characters portrayed in both the works we can find certain similarities. As stated above we can see the characters themselves in a moral and sacrificial light wherein they are not thinking or living for themselves but for their respective siblings. If we go into the actual character portrayal too, we can find how the characters are dressed in rags to sav e even the smallest penny for their siblings comfort.They do not even eat or dress well lest they have to spend any money, which can be found to have a better use for their siblings. In the Irish Rose as well as the Two Gentlemen of Verona, we find that the author finds hope for a better future of the world after meeting Rose, Jacopo and Nicolo. Never thinking for themselves, all three of his characters have fought to better the lives of their loved ones in every way possible. In both the stories the plot is set in a rousing manner and giving a detailed and graphic expression till the climax.In the Irish Rose, the main character Rose Donegan has to earn for the family, buy milk for her youngest brother Michel. She had to cook, attend to the children and father. With a slum child’s elemental knowledge she had to do everything, even she would bargain the baker to extend her credit for an extra loaf. As in the case of the Two Gentlemen OF Verona, the writer himself becomes a cha racter in the plot of Irish Rose. Along with the writer the rest of the characters too play a significant role in the plot to finally bring out the actual sacrifice of the three children.In both the stories the importance given to the children’s attitude towards work, love and responsibility shows how important the said characters are in the view of the author too. Herein we find the hope for a better world when these children grow up rather than the war ravaged time frame in which the stories are set. It was W. B. Yeats who said that, â€Å"Too long a sacrifice can make a stone of the heart†. But through these stories Cronin has endeavored to prove Yeats wrong, as nicely as possible. He was also able to teach us the value of not running away from our responsibilities.

Coca-Cola and Its Global Marketing Strategies

Coca-Cola is a company that is known worldwide for its product. It is a drink that spans all ages, colors, races, and countries. The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The world’s headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, with many other locations around the country. The Company and its subsidiaries employ nearly 31,000 people around the world.Syrups, concentrates and beverages bases for Coca-Cola, the company’s flagship brand, and over 230 other Company soft-drink brands are manufactured and sold by the Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world (Virginia, 1). The company has been around for over 100 years, and has used this time to perfect its marketing strategy. The success of the company was built on many people with the great business knowledge and know-how to take a simple drink, and make it into a symbol that represents h umanity.This paper will focus on not only the globalization of Coke, and Coke as a company, but also what advertising and media strategies have been used to help in the discourse of its globalization. Coca-Cola is an internationally recognized drink, popular in many countries throughout the world. The company that produces the soft drink has an interesting way of distributing it around the world, which many people may not realize. You don’t get exactly the same Coke in India that you do in the US, because bottling of the drink is franchised.What occurs is the following: the company produces a concentrate with the patented formula for Coca-Cola. This remains the same wherever you purchase the product. This concentrate is then sold to companies who have purchased franchises to bottle Coca-Cola in their area. Each bottling company adds water and whatever sweeteners are used for that specific type of coke. Slight variations may occur if the bottlers don’t conform to standa rds of production. For instance using less of the concentrate than is recommended, or changing the type of sweetener used.Though the formula for Coca-Cola concentrate doesn’t change, there can be slight differences in sweetness since bottling agencies may change the amount of sweeteners used to fit the local population’s palate, and some versions of the cola are said to be sweeter or sharper in other countries. The United States has seen, especially in countries close to Mexico, a rise in the amount of Mexican Coca-Cola imported into the US and sold at a number of Mexican and Latin or South American grocery stores. Cola aficionados say there are differences between south of the border and American produced versions of the drink.They cite the fact that most Mexican bottlers add cane sugar instead of corn syrup to the formula for Coca-Cola and many people prefer the Mexican version, though at first the taste can be a little unusual. Since the cost of importing sugar cane to the United States is expensive, bottlers import the drink from countries where it’s abundant or use substitutes like corn syrup which is subsidized by the government as well (Hays, 47). Thus the main difference is the way in which the formula for Coca-Cola has ingredients added to it from one country to another.The type of water used also may create a major difference in both taste and safety. Some countries, particularly emerging countries with high levels of pollution have been under investigation for producing Coca-Cola with alarmingly high levels of pesticides. In 2003, for instance, a government independent investigatory agency in India found that water filtration was not ridding the water of substances like DDT and Marathon (Allen, 182). Several soft drinks in India, including Pepsi, were found to have toxic and unsafe levels of these chemicals.This led to a decline in sales in Coca-Cola that lasted for several years, and an outright ban on selling Coke in certain p arts of India for a short while. Technically water filtration should eliminate most of these chemicals, but the presence of higher amounts of the chemicals in certain areas may mean filtration methods aren’t adequate to the task. Coca-Cola has defended their product and claims they test all their soft drinks, wherever produced, to make sure they meet safety standards (Coca-Cola, 1).They also stand by the formula for Coca-Cola though they do recognized small differences in taste when it is bottled outside of the US. Although the taste differences are often involuntary, in many cases the taste differences between countries and regions have helped locals adopt the Coca-Cola flavors. As a result, Coca-Cola can capitalize on its growth and spread its product base even further. In order to appeal to countries that did not adopt the standardized Coca-Cola Flavors, the company decided to expand its product lines in order to appeal to foreign countries that did not have the same taste characteristics as the United States.In order to do this it developed new flavors of water, teas, juices, sports drinks and energy drinks to appeal to a larger number of people. In some cases they acquired existing companies that already had a loyal customer base and even developed some of its own products by tweaking existing recipes or creating new drinks all together. For example, in Asia soy drinks are much popular than carbonated beverages. To combat this Coca-Cola also offers its own soy beverage in the regions where as in the United States it’s very rare to see soy drinks produced by Coca-Cola (McKay, 22).This adaptation strategy has allowed greater flexibility to consumer’s tastes and growth in the company’s market share of the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Coca-Cola places its product globally depending on several conditions. The first level that needs to be examined is the macro level including Coca-Cola’s choice of continents, countries and geographic regions. Population and the proximity of natural resources to that population are the first things that Coca-Cola considers when entering new territories.If the region does not have a large enough population to purchase enough of their beverages they will focus more on regions that do. Also, if it is not efficient or cost effective to produce drinks within the country or region the company either looks elsewhere to bottle its beverages, imports its products or moves refrains from focusing on this region all together. In countries that do not have abundant resources such as sugar cane and corn syrup, it increases the cost to produce the beverage because supplies must be imported (.The Coca-Cola Company will also consider the proximity of bottling plants to the region its promoting its products to. Either the company will purchase or build a plant to cut down on costs or contract with local bottlers to sell its product to. In some cases Coca-Cola may have even establish it self in neighboring countries because it may already inhabit locations with similar cultures and preferences. Within these regions that Coca-Cola decides to inhabit, it also must choose an area that their products have the best chance of reaching the consumer.The Coca-Cola Company sells its products to bottling and canning operations, distributors, fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. These then distributes them to retail outlets, milk bar and corner stores, restaurants, petrol stations and newsagents. The Coca-Cola Company uses the intensive distribution strategy. The business's products are sold in almost every outlet including small shops, restaurants gas stations, schools, sports venues and vending machines. Depending on the level of popularity and extensiveness, Coca-Cola will choose areas that will have the best opportunity to sell.With these sales comes increased customer awareness and brand loyalty. The final thing that Coca-Cola must do is recognize local laws and regulations. Coca-Cola adopts a standardized practice for areas that are similar which makes it easier for Coca-Cola to distribute and sell its products (Allen, 82). In some foreign countries however, many of the taste preferences are determined by local laws, ancient religions or the countries culture. When these characteristics differ from the standard Coca-Cola model, the company adapts its products are marketing strategies to adhere to regulations and cultural norms.Coca-Cola decides if it’s then cost effective and possible to enter the market without significant barriers or alterations to its brands flavors. If the barriers are too large, the company is likely to pursue other locations. The company's beverages are generally for all consumers. However, there are some brands, which target specific consumers. For example, Coca-Cola's diet soft drinks are targeted at consumers who are older in age, between the years of 25 and 39. PowerAde sports water targets those who a re fit, healthy and participate in athletics.The Winnie the Pooh sipper cap Juice Drink targets children between the ages 5-12. This type of market approach refers to market segmentation. The Coca-Cola Company when advertising has a primary target market of those who are 13-24, and a secondary market of 10-39 (Coca-Cola, 3). In order for these beverages to reach the target markets, Coca-Cola needs to use a medium that will best reach these consumers. If advertisements are not reaching the right age group or in the tight places, sales will drop and the brand image will be damaged.For example, when advertising Diet Coke, Coca-Cola primarily advertises with in-print ads, billboards, fast food restaurants and the radio. They understand that this age group is likely to have children and spend a lot of their time driving, feeding their children and spending time at home (GSCE, 1). By using these methods they increase the chance of being exposed and having their products used. In order to reach the young adults and teens they use the internet, television and popular events such as concerts and sporting events to advertise their products.Coca Cola has researched and found that the majority of time teens spend is online or spent watching their favorite television programs. Unlike the older generations, younger generations are more likely to be electronic savvy and read less of in print advertisements. Internationally, Coca-Cola has adopted a global strategy that includes sponsoring professional sports leagues, music artists or groups and the Olympics. For example the company advertises with the NBA, World Cup Tournaments, the NCAA and popular music groups such as Maroon 5 (McKay, 13).Coca-Cola pays several million dollars in order to have the exclusive rights to advertise or partner with these events. Although it an expensive way to advertise, its benefits extend far past the cost of advertising. Millions of viewers worldwide tune into or watch these events and the bra nd exposure is enormous. Viewers are exposed to the brand and the Coca-Cola brand becomes synonymous with that popular athlete, league or artist. By paying these popular athletes and stars to endorse their products, they influence millions to buy or try the Coca-Cola brand.From there it’s up to Coca-Cola to keep the consumers to continue to use its products. In conjunction with their advertising strategy, Coca-Cola also uses specific promotions and strategies in order to gain sales. Internationally, many of these methods are similar to those found in the United States. Whether it’s to gain a first time customer, getting them to switch from other brands or keep them loyal to Coca-Cola, the company uses strategic self-selection. They purchase shelves in big departmental stores and display their products on shelves in an attractive style.Most times Coca-Cola pays more to have their products on shelves that are easier to reach and are more likely to be seen than the shelve s that other companies use. Coca-Cola is one of the leading companies to take advantage of end caps and special racks that they give to outlets to promote specific products. Often time’s salesman of the coca cola company positions their freezers and their products in eye-catching positions. Normally they keep their freezers near the entrance of the stores or in high traveled areas.The company recently introduced a revolutionary electronic vending machine that has hundreds of Coke flavors on hand that even can be mixed from one single machine. The machine is called the â€Å"Freestyle† and offers a totally new and innovative approach to the standard vending machines (Coca-Cola, 1). The company also does sponsorships with different college and school's cafes and sponsors their sports events and other extra curriculum activities for increasing market share among younger demographics. The majority of the Coca-Cola Company's products are sold in retail stores, convenient st ores, petrol stations etc.Although the pricing methods/strategies are set by those the company sells to, it does suggest specific guidelines and have some restrictions on pricing and trade. For example gas stations and convenient stores usually sell Coca-Cola products at a fixed price, where restaurants have more freedom on what they can charge. In a majority of places competition-based pricing is used. Coca-Cola products are usually priced below, above or equal to its competitors' prices. For example, during Easter (2010) sale periods the average price for a 2 liter Coca-Cola was 1. 7 and a 2 liter Pepsi bottle sold for 1. 83 on average (Virginia, 3). In order to generate more sales and clear additional product, Coca-Cola also adopts a discount price strategy. Coca-Cola products are often marked down during sale periods and special occasions. For example Coca-Cola often will send out coupons for an amount to be taken off the cost of a specific product or allow the markdown below MA P pricing to make room for new sales or products. One of the most obvious pricing strategies Coca-Cola uses is psychological pricing.Often times there advertised prices end in seven or five, which is below other competitors such as Pepsi. The Coca-Cola Company also gives trade incentives to its retailers to generate more revenue. For example, the company will send free samples and product to have events which allow consumers to try a product for nothing. As a result of this by this these retailers and middle man push their product in the market following â€Å"Seen as sold†. Lastly, the Coca Cola Company changes their product prices according to the season. For example, summer is supposed to be a good season for beverage industry in Pakistan (Hays, 96).So in winter they reduce their prices to maintain their sales and profit In essence, the examples above reveal that global marketing is not necessarily an all or nothing proposition. The Coca-Cola Company has the freedom to cho ose from many possibilities on the spectrum from total standardization through to complete customization. Clearly there are circumstances where they can gain competitive advantage through increased standardization of products and marketing, especially with respect to keeping costs down and building brand power.On the other hand, in conditions where national market differences are more marked, this strategy would harm the company and its reputation. By making standardization decisions using target market conditions as its starting point, the company insures that in the long-term customers are being offered what they want. Although Coca-Cola can seemingly gain a great deal from a standardized agenda, its decision to combine global and local resources is ultimately more long-standing in a market where national customer differences are influential.Coupled with strategic pricing and being a low cost leader, the Coca-Cola Company has enjoyed over a hundred years of success which continues to grow every day. The company uses its branding power and size to promote its products even further, which influences even more consumers to try the brand or switch from previous used brands. Regardless, Coca-Cola has been extremely successful in their international marketing mix and continues to dominate global beverage sales.